Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Interrupted hibernation of the gall-inducer affects its parasitoids – a case study on some gall communities of Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Bulgaria

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 07 October 2022

This article has been updated

Abstract

Gall communities of the bedeguar gall wasp, Diplolepis rosae, have been explored by many authors during the years because of their species richness and relevance for biological and ecological studies. Some observations focused on the D. rosae larvae revealed the critical importance of hibernation for successful development of adult individuals. However, there are no data on the effects of winter diapause of the gall inducer on other gall inhabitants, like parasitoids and inquilines. In the present study, the parasitoid community composition, species abundance and species diversity in the absence of hibernation of the gall-inducer from samples collected from Stara Planina Mts and the Rhodope Mts, Bulgaria, were investigated. The data from non-cold stored samples were compared with those of a similar study from Vitosha Mts, where there was successful hibernation of the gall-maker. In addition to D. rosae and its inquiline Periclistus brandtii, a total of 18 hymenopteran parasitoid species emerged from the bedeguar galls; they belonged to Eulophidae (three species), Eupelmidae (five species), Eurytomidae (three species), Pteromalidae (two species), Torymidae (three species) and Ichneumonidae (two species). The estimated diversity indices showed moderate parasitoid species diversity at the studied areas. The most numerous species in the samples were Glyphomerus stigma and Pteromalus bedeguaris. Two species are new to the Bulgarian fauna – Eurytoma caninae and Eupelmus fulvipes. Additionally, one association with the rose bedeguar galls is newly discovered – Oomyzus galerucivorus has not been previously recorded as member of this community. One unknown species belonging to genus Stepanovia was also found.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

References

  • Adler H (1877) Beitrtige zur Naturgeschichte der Cynipiden. Dtsch Entomol Z 21:209–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Khatib F, Fusu L, Cruaud A, Gibson G, Borowiec N, Rasplus J-Y, Ris N, Delvare G (2014) An integrative approach to species discrimination in the Eupelmus urozonus complex (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae), with the description of 11 new species from the Western Palaearctic. Syst Entomol 39(4):806–862. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12089

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Khatib F, Fusu L, Cruaud A, Gibson GAP, Borowiec N, Rasplus J-Y, Ris N, Delvare G (2015) Availability of eleven species names of Eupelmus (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) proposed in Al Khatib (2014). ZooKeys 505:137–145. doi: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.505.9021

  • Antov M, Stojanova A (2020) Bulgarian Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): new records, phenology and habitat data. North West J Zool 16(1):36–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Askew RR (1960) Some observations on Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hym., Cynipidae) and its parasites. Entomol Mon Mag 95:191–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Askew RR, Plantard O, Gómez JF, Hernandez Nieves M, Nieves-Aldrey JL (2006) Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 1301:3–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1301.1.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Askew RR, Nieves-Aldrey JL (2017) Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of Iberia and the Canary Islands: an annotated checklist with descriptions of some previously unrecognized males and a new species of Calosota Curtis, 1836. Graellsia 73(2):1–17. https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2017.v73.185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayram Ş, Ülgentürk S, Toros S (1998) Research on the insects causing galls on dog rose (Rosa spp.) and their parasitoids in Ankara province. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 22:259–268 (in Turkish; English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair KG (1943) On the rose bedeguar galls and its inhabitants. Entomol Mon Mag 79:231–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair KG (1951) Eupelmus eurozonus [sic] Dahlb. (Hym., Chalcididae) in galls of Rhodites rosae L. Entomol Mon Mag 87:174–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyadzhiev P, Todorov I (2013) Description of a new species of Stepanovia Kostjukov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Bulgaria. Rev Suisse Zool 120(3):347–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyadzhiev P, Yefremova ZA, Tozlu G, Mergen O, Mete O (2017) Description of Stepanovia fructirosae sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) from Turkey. Acta Zool Bulg Suppl 8:113–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouček Z (1977) A faunistic review of the Yugoslavian Chalcidoidea (Parasitic Hymenoptera). Acta Entomol Jugoslav Suppl 13:1–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Callan EMcC (1940) On the occurrence of males of Rhodites rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Proc R Entomol Soc Lond A 15:21–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Chelav HS, Samin N, Myartseva SN, Abd-Rabou S, Gencer L, Naderian H (2018) A faunistic study on Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) of Iran. Natura Somogyiensis 32:11–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook JM, Butcher RDJ (1999) The transmission and effects of Wolbachia bacteria in parasitoids. Res Popul Ecol 41:15–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00011978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fusu L (2017) An integrative taxonomic study of European Eupelmus (Macroneura) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with a molecular and cytogenetic analysis of Eupelmus (Macroneura) vesicularis: several species hiding under one name for 240 years. Zool J Linn Soc 181(3):519–603. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson GAP, Fusu L (2016) Revision of the Palaearctic species of Eupelmus (Eupelmus) Dalman (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Zootaxa 4081(1):1–331. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4081.1.1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Graham MWR V (1969) The Pteromalidae of northwestern Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bull Br Mus Nat Hist (Entomol) Suppl 16:1–908

    Google Scholar 

  • de Graham MWR V (1987) A reclassifacation of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bull Br Mus Nat Hist (Entomol) 55(1):1–392

    Google Scholar 

  • de Graham MWR V (1991) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera. Mem Am Entomol Inst 49:1–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Grissell EE (1995) Toryminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae): a redefinition, generic classification and annotated world catalogue of species. Memoirs on Entomology International Vol. 2, Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Fla, USA

  • Güçlü S, Hayat R, Shorthouse JD, Tozlu G (2008) Gall-inducing wasps of the genus Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on shrub roses of Turkey. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 110(1):204–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herting B (1977) Hymenoptera. A catalogue of parasites and predators of terrestrial arthropods. Section A. Host or Prey/Enemy, Vol. 4, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Institute of Biological Control, Farnham Royal, England

  • Hesami S, Behzadi MR, Ebrahimi E, Miresmaili S, Doğanlar M (2008) Report of Torymus lapsanae (Hym.: Torymidae), a parasitoid of Diplolepis rosae (Hym.: Cynipidae) from Iran. J Entomol Soc Iran Suppl 27(2):17–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesami S, Ebrahimi E, Ostovan H, Shojai M, Kamali K, Yefremova Z, Yegorenkova E (2010) Contribution to the study of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Fars province of Iran: I-subfamilies Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae. Mun Entomol Zool 5(1):148–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Jałoszyński P, Dubiel G (2018) First record of Oomyzus galerucivorus (Hedquist, 1959) in Poland (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae). Acta Entomol Siles 26:1–4 (in Polish; English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilinçer N (1983) Untersuchungen über die parasiten von rosengallwespen (Rhodites spp.-Hym.: Cynipidae) in Ankara-region. Bitki Koruma Bülteni (Plant Protection Bulletin) 23(1):1–11 (in Turkish; German summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klymenko SI (2009) Eurytoma caninae (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), the species newly recorded from Ukraine. Vest Zool 43(6):547–550

    Google Scholar 

  • László Z (2001) The parasitic complex of Diplolepis rosae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae): influencing factors and interspecific relationships. Entomol Rom 6:133–140

    Google Scholar 

  • László Z, Tóthmérész B (2006) Inquiline effects on the multilocular gall community. Acta Zool Acad Sci Hung 52:373–383

    Google Scholar 

  • László Z, Tóthmérész B (2011a) Parasitoids of the bedeguar gall wasp Diplolepis rosae: effect of host scale on density and prevalence. Acta Zool Acad Sci Hung 57(3):219–232

    Google Scholar 

  • László Z, Tóthmérész B (2011b) Parasitism, phenology and sex ratio in galls of Diplolepis rosae in the Eastern Carpathian Basin. Entomol Rom 16:33–38

    Google Scholar 

  • László Z, Tóthmérész B (2013a) Landscape and local effects on multiparasitoid coexistence. Insect Conserv Divers 6(3):354–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • László Z, Tóthmérész B (2013b) The enemy hypothesis: correlates of gall morphology with parasitoid attack rates in two closely related rose cynipid galls. Bull Entomol Res 103(3):326–335

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • László Z, Sólyom K, Prázsmári H, Barta Z, Tóthmérész B (2014a) Predation on rose galls: parasitoids and predators determine gall size through directional selection. PLoS ONE 9(6):e99806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099806

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • László Z, Rákosy L, Tóthmérész B (2014b) Landscape and local variables benefit rare species and common ones differently. J Insect Conserv 18(6):1203–1213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-014-9734-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • László Z, Prázsmári H, Kelemen TI (2016) Exeristes roborator (Fabricius, 1793) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in the parasitoid community of Diplolepis galls in the Carpathian Basin. Folia Entomol Hung 77:79–85. https://doi.org/10.17112/FoliaEntHung.2016.77.79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • László Z, Rákosy L, Tóthmérész B (2018) The simpler the better: When decreasing landscape complexity increases community stability. Ecol Indic 84:828–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.09.054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lotfalizadeh H, Rasplus J-Y, Delvare G (2007a) Rose gall wasps and their associated fauna (Hymenoptera) in Iran. Redia 89:73–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotfalizadeh H, Delvare G, Rasplus J-Y (2007b) Eurytoma caninae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), a common species previously overlooked with E. rosae. Zootaxa 1640:55–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lotfalizadeh H, Rajabi M, Madjdzadeh SM (2012) Parasitoid community of Diplolepis fructuum (Rubsaamen) (Hym.: Cynipidae) in Kerman Province, with checklist of associated Hymenoptera fauna in Iran. North West J Zool 8(1):125–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Magurran AE (1988) Diversity indices and species abundance models. In: Magurran AE (ed) Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 7–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7358-0_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Meiners T, Kopf A, Stein C, Hilker M (1997) Chemical signals mediating interactions between Galerica tanaceti L. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and its egg parasitoid Oomyzus galerucivorus (Hedqvist) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). J Insect Behav 10(4):523–529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meiners T, Randlkofer B, Obermaier E (2006) Oviposition at low temperatures – late season negatively affects the leaf beetle Galeruca tanaceti (Coleoptera: Galerucinae) but not its specialised egg parasitoid Oomyzus galerucivorus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Eur J Entomol 103:765–770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melika G (2006) Gall wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae Vest Zool Suppl 21:1–644

    Google Scholar 

  • Mete Ö, Mergen YO (2017) The community components associated with two common rose gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Diplolepidini) in Turkey. Turk J Zool 41:696–701. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1602-20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mete Ö, Azmaz M, Lotfalizadeh H, Katılmış Y (2018) Some records of parasitoid wasps associated with gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Istanbul, Turkey. Mun Entomol Zool 13(2):542–547

    Google Scholar 

  • Niblett M (1951) Some notes on the genus Rhodites (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Proc Trans S Lond Entomol Nat Hist Soc 1949–1950:204–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Nieves-Aldrey JL (1981) Datos sobre Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hym., Cynipidae) y sus himenópteros parásitos en Salamanca. Bol Asoc Esp Entomol 4:107–113 (in Spanish; English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikol’skaya MN, Zerova MD (1978) Hymenoptera II. Chalcidoidea 9. Torymidae (Callimomidae). In: Medvedev GS, Scarlato OA (eds) Opredeliteli Nasekomykh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSR, vol 3. Academia Nauk SSR, Nauka, Leningrad, pp 358–374. (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordlander G (1973) Parasitic wasps in galls of Diplolepis rosae (L.) and D. mayri Schlechtd. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (Hym.: Ichneumonoidea, Chalcidoidea, Cynipoidea). Entomol Tidskr 94:148–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Noyes JS (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids Accessed 03 June 2021

  • Prázsmári H, Mátis A, László Z (2017) Eurytoma caninae (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in the parasitoid community of unilocular Diplolepis galls in the Carpathian Basin. Folia Entomol Hung 78:91–96. https://doi.org/10.17112/FoliaEntHung.2017.78.91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randolph S (2005) The Natural History of the Rose Bedeguar and its Insect Community. British Plant Gall Society, Bury St. Edmunds, UK

  • Rizzo MC, Massa B (2006) Parasitism and sex ratio of the bedeguar gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera:Cynipidae) in Sicily (Italy). J Hymenopt Res 15(2):277–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Sardón-Gutiérrez S, Gil-Tapetado D, Gómez JF, Nieves-Aldrey JL (2021) Ecological niche modelling of species of the rose gall wasp Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on the Iberian Peninsula. Eur J Entomol 118:31–45. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2021.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schilthuizen M, Stouthamer R (1998) Distribution of Wolbachia among the guild associated with the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae. Heredity 81:270274. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00385.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder D (1967) Diplolepis (= Rhodites) rosae (L.) (Hym.: Cynipidae) and a review of its parasite complex in Europe Tech Bull Commonw. Inst Biol Control 9:93–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Stille B (1984a) The effect of host plant and parasitoids on the reproductive success of the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Oecologia 63:364–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00390666

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stille B (1984b) Isozyme differences between the developmental stages of the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae. Biochem Syst Ecol 12(4):411–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(84)90073-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stille B (1985) Population genetics of the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae. Cynipidae) Genetica 67(2):145–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02424421. Hymenoptera

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stille B, Dävring L (1980) Meiosis and reproductive strategy in the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Hereditas 92:353–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1980.tb01720.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suomalainen E, Anssi S, Lokki J (1987) Cytology and evolution in parthenogenesis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida

    Google Scholar 

  • Tek SE, Okyar Z (2018) Parasitoid and inquiline associations of gall inducing insects on Rosa canina (L., 1758) and Prunus spinosa L., 1758: A study in European part of Turkey (Trakya University Arboretum, Edirne). J Kans Entomol Soc 91(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.1.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Todorov I, Stojanova A, Parvanov D, Boyadzhiev P (2012) Studies on the gall community of Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Vitosha Mountain, Bulgaria. Acta Zool Bulg Suppl 4:27–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Trjapitzin VA (1978) Hymenoptera II. Chalcidoidea 6. Eupelmidae. In: Medvedev GS, Scarlato OA (eds) Opredeliteli Nasekomykh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSR, vol 3. Academia Nauk SSR, Nauka, Leningrad, pp 228–236. (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tudor C, Cǎrantu V (1980) On some host-parasite relationships on the Cynipinae of the south-east of the country. Studii si Cercetari de Biologie (Biologie Animale) 32:171–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Urban J (2018) Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): Development, ecology and galls in the Brno Region. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 66(4):905–925. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866040905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weld LH (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with description of new species Proc U. S Natl Mus 68:1–131. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.68-2611.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams JB, Shorthouse JD, Lee JRRE (2003) Deleterious effects of mild simulated overwintering temperatures on survival and potential fecundity of rose-galling Diplolepis wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). J Exp Zool A Comp Exp Biol 298(1):23–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zavada AG (2001) New species of Torymus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) from central Asia and Caucasus. Phegea 29(3):99–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Zerova MD (2010) Palaearctic species of the genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae): morphological and biological peculiarities, trophical associations and key to determination. Vest Zool Suppl 24:203 (in Russian; English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zerova MD, Seryogina LY (1999) Torymid chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) of tribes Podagrionini and Monodontomerini of the Ukrainian fauna. Vest Zool Suppl 13:1–130 (in Russian; English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zerova MD, Seryogina LY, Stetsenko IT (2003) Catalogue of Torymini species (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) deposited in collection of Schmalhausen Istitute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Vest Zool Suppl 17:84–103 (in Russian; English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwakhals K (2013) Ichneumonidae. In: Zoological Museum Amsterdam and Zoological Museum Copenhagen (ed) Hymenoptera. Fauna Europaea Version 2.6.2. http://www.faunaeur.org

Download references

Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Teodora Toshova (IBER, BAS) for her assistance with analyses. We are also grateful to Teodora Stoyanova, MSc (Robert Gordon University, United Kingdom) for her contribution in editing of the manuscript. Our sincere thanks also to Prof. Dimitar Dimitrov (retired) (National Museum of Natural History, BAS) who identified Rosa canina, to Dr. Musa Azmaz (Pamukkale University, Turkey) for literature sources provided, to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zoltán László (Babeş-Bolyai University, Romania) for his helpful comments and to Dr. Özlem Mete (Hacettepe University, Turkey) and Dr. Richard Askew (retired) who kindly sent us some not reported data about the rearing procedures in their previous studies.

Funding

This study was supported by the grant DN11/13–18.12.2017 to Ivaylo Todorov (Biodiversity of families Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in mountainous habitats. Barcoding and distinguishing of close species), funded by the Bulgarian National Science Fund (BNSF) of the Ministry of Education and Science of Bulgaria.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Ivaylo Todorov

  2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Street, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Peter Boyadzhiev, Miroslav Antov & Anelia Stojanova

Authors
  1. Ivaylo Todorov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter Boyadzhiev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Miroslav Antov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anelia Stojanova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivaylo Todorov.

Ethics declarations

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence their work. All data and material can be available from the authors.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Todorov, I., Boyadzhiev, P., Antov, M. et al. Interrupted hibernation of the gall-inducer affects its parasitoids – a case study on some gall communities of Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Bulgaria. Biologia 77, 3143–3155 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01184-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01184-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation