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Temperature and cultivar effects on soybean seed oil and protein concentrations

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Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society

Abstract

The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] industry is interested in cultivar and climate effects on seed composition. These factors may underlie the known geographic variation in seed protein and oil concentrations. Regression analyses were used to test hypotheses of the effect of temperature and cultivar on oil and protein concentrations of soybean seed using a large data set from the U.S.A. Soybean Uniform Tests. The data set included 20 cultivars representing 10 maturity groups across 60 locations (latitude 29.4 to 47.5° N) for a total of 1863 cultivar by location by year observations. Temperature was determined for each observation as the average daily mean temperature from predicted first pod (first pod at least 5 mm long), using the SOYGRO phenology model, to observed maturity. The mean temperature ranged from 14.6 to 28.7°C among the observations. Linear, quadratic, and linear plateau regression models of oil and protein concentrations vs. temperature were evaluated. The quadratic model gave the best-adjusted R 2 values for oil and protein with temperature, of 0.239 and 0.003, respectively. The analyses showed that the oil concentration increased with increasing temperature and approached a maximum at a mean temperature of 28°C. Unaccounted variation in the protein concentration may be from other factors such as photoperiod, water stress, or high temperatures during seed fill. Protein plus oil had a linear relationship with temperature (adjusted partial R 2=0.183). These data document the contribution of climate and cultivar to geographic variability of oil and protein concentrations in the United States.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, Florida

    Ernest L. Piper & Kenneth I. Boote

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  1. Ernest L. Piper
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  2. Kenneth I. Boote
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Correspondence to Ernest L. Piper.

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Piper, E.L., Boote, K.I. Temperature and cultivar effects on soybean seed oil and protein concentrations. J Am Oil Chem Soc 76, 1233–1241 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0099-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0099-y

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