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Identification of Aromatic Fatty Acids in Butter Fat

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society volume 91, pages 1695–1702 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Bovine milk fat contains a large variety of structurally different fatty acids. In this study, we describe the presence of aromatic fatty acids in a butter fat sample. Fatty acids were released from butter fat and converted into the corresponding methyl esters (FAME). Urea complexation was used to separate the main saturated fatty acids. GC/MS screening of the FAME in the filtrate of the urea complexation indicated the presence of aromatic fatty acids. By (1) conversion of two representatives into picolinyl esters which were analyzed by GC/MS, (2) linear log tR over carbon number plots (R 2 = 0.95) and by the use of two reference standards we were able to show that the phenyl unit was located on the terminal carbon of the straight acyl chain of the FAME. In a fraction gathered by countercurrent chromatography we were able to identify 3-phenylpropionic acid (Ph-3:0), 4-phenylbutyric acid (Ph-4:0), 5-phenylpentanoic acid (Ph-5:0), 6-phenylhexanoic acid (Ph-6:0), 7-phenylheptanoic acid (Ph-7:0), 8-phenyloctanoic acid (Ph-8:0), 9-phenylnonanoic acid (Ph-9:0), 10-phenyldecanoic acid (Ph-10:0), 11-phenylundecanoic acid (Ph-11:0), 12-phenyldodecanoic acid (Ph-12:0), 13-phenyltridecanoic acid (Ph-13:0), along with one unsaturated phenyldecenoic acid (Ph-10:1) isomer. Preliminary results indicate that the aromatic fatty acids may have been formed exogenously in the rumen of the cows. The total amount of the aromatic fatty acids was estimated at 0.15 mg/g butter fat, which corresponds with an average daily intake of ~5 mg per day in Germany and ~4.4 mg per day in Europe.

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Abbreviations

CLA:

Conjugated linoleic fatty acid

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester(s)

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

m/z :

Mass-to-charge ratio

Ph-2:0:

2-Phenylacetic acid

Ph-3:0:

3-Phenylpropionic acid

Ph-4:0:

4-Phenylbutyric acid

Ph-5:0:

5-Phenylpentanoic acid

Ph-6:0:

6-Phenylhexanoic acid

Ph-7:0:

7-Phenylheptanoic acid

Ph-8:0:

8-Phenyloctanoic acid

Ph-9:0:

9-Phenylnonanoic acid

Ph-10:0:

10-Phenyldecanoic acid

Ph-10:1:

10-Phenyldecenoic acid

Ph-11:0:

11-Phenylundecanoic acid

Ph-12:0:

12-Phenyldodecanoic acid

Ph-13:0:

13-Phenyltridecanoic acid

Ph-13:1:

13-Phenyltridecenoic acid

Ph-14:0:

14-Phenyltetradecanoic acid

Ph-15:0:

15-Phenylpentadecanoic acid

Ph-15:1:

15-Phenylpentadecenoic acid

Ph-18:0:

18-Phenyloctadecanoic acid

SIM:

Selected ion monitoring

t R :

Retention time

u:

Atom mass unit

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70953, Stuttgart, Germany

    Markus Schröder, Halima Abdurahman, Tanja Ruoff, Katja Lehnert & Walter Vetter

Authors
  1. Markus Schröder
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  2. Halima Abdurahman
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  3. Tanja Ruoff
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  4. Katja Lehnert
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  5. Walter Vetter
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Correspondence to Walter Vetter.

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Schröder, M., Abdurahman, H., Ruoff, T. et al. Identification of Aromatic Fatty Acids in Butter Fat. J Am Oil Chem Soc 91, 1695–1702 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-014-2516-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-014-2516-0

Keywords

  • Cow’s milk
  • Fatty acid
  • Aromatic fatty acid
  • N-phenyl-terminated fatty acid