Abstract
Soybean oil 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) was synthesized via the Novozym 435-catalyzed ethanolysis of triacylglycerols and purified by conventional liquid–liquid extraction. The 2-MAG was subjected to incubation at 20 and 40 °C in the presence of five solid commercial support materials, Lewatit, Silica Gel 60, Alumina–Neutral Brockman Activity 1, Amberlyst-15, and SBA-15, to determine their effects on acyl migration rates. Lewatit and SBA-15 did not catalyze acyl migration rates after 144 h, while silica gel slightly increased migration rates. The more polar alumina and the cationic Amberlyst 15 significantly increased migration rates. Flash chromatography purification of 2-MAG using silica gel as the immobile phase developed with an acetone/hexane binary gradient proved to be a comparable purification method to liquid–liquid extraction, resulting in 60 % 2-MAG yield, no residual triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, or glycerol co-products, and a 95 mol% 2-MAG purity vs. 1-MAG, demonstrating that flash chromatography did not catalyze acyl migration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Irimescu R, Furihata K, Hata K, Iwasaki Y, Yamane T (2001) Two-step enzymatic synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid-rich symmetrically structured triacylglycerols via 2-monoacylglycerols. J Am Oil Chem Soc 78:743–748
Wongsakul S, H-Kittikun A, Bornscheuer U (2004) Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured triacylglycerides from 1,3-diacylglycerides. J Am Oil Chem Soc 81:151–155
Nunes PA, Pires-Cabral P, Guillén M, Valero F, Luna D, Ferreira-Dias S (2011) Production of MLM-type structured lipids catalyzed by immobilized heterologous Rhizopus oryzae lipase. J Am Oil Chem Soc 88:473–480
DeFilippi LJ, Grall SG, Kinney JF, Laszlo JA, Compton DL (2010) Formulations with feruloyl glycerides and methods of preparations. US Pat 7(744):856
Compton DL, Laszlo JA, Berhow MA (2006) Identification and quantification of feruloylated mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols from vegetable oils. J Am Oil Chem Soc 83:753–758
Laszlo JA, Compton DL (2006) Enzymatic glycerolysis and transesterification of vegetable oil for enhanced production of feruloylated glycerols. J Am Oil Chem Soc 83:765–770
Compton DL, Laszlo JA (2002) Novel sunscreens from vegetable oil and plant phenols. US Pat Pat 6(346):236
Compton DL, Vermillion KE, Laszlo JA (2007) Acyl migration kinetics of 2-monoacylglycerols from soybean oil via 1H NMR. J Am Oil Chem Soc 84:343–348
Boswinkel G, Derksen J, van’t Riet K, Cuperus F (1996) Kinetics of acyl migration in monoglycerides and dependence on acyl chain length. J Am Oil Chem Soc 73:707–711
Mattson FH, Volpenhein RA (1962) Synthesis and properties of glycerides. J Lipid Res 3:281–296
Fureby AM, Virto C, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B (1996) Acyl group migrations in 2-monoolein. Biocatal Biotransform 14:89–111
Kodali DR, Tercyak A, Fahey DA, Small DM (1990) Acyl migration in 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol. Chem Phys Lipids 52:163–170
Du W, Xu YY, Liu DH, Li ZB (2005) Study on acyl migration in immobilized Lipozyme TL-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil for biodiesel production. J Mol Catal B-Enzym 37:68–71
Irimescu R, Iwasaki Y, Hou CT (2002) Study of TAG ethanolysis to 2-MAG by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase and synthesis of symmetrically structured TAG. J Am Oil Chem Soc 79:879–883
Compton D, Laszlo J, Appell M, Vermillion K, Evans K (2012) Influence of fatty acid desaturation on spontaneous acyl migration in 2-monoacylglycerols. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89:2259–2267
Hatzakis E, Agiomyrgianaki A, Kostidis S, Dais P (2011) High-resolution NMR spectroscopy: an alternative fast tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 88:1695–1708
Fureby AM, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson BO (1996) Acyl migration and its implications in lipid modifications. Ann NY Acad Sci 799:231–237
Irimescu R, Furihata K, Hata K, Iwasaki Y, Yamane T (2001) Utilization of reaction medium-dependent regiospecificity of Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435) for the synthesis of 1,3-dicapryloyl-2-docosahexaenoyl (or eicosapentaenoyl) glycerol. J Am Oil Chem Soc 78:285–290
Duclos RI Jr, Johnston M, Vadivel SK, Makriyannis A, Glaser ST, Gatley SJ (2011) A methodology for radiolabeling of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-ag). J Org Chem 76:2049–2055
Compton D, Eller F, Laszlo J, Evans K (2012) Purification of 2-monoacylglycerols using liquid CO2 extraction. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89:1529–1536
Pfeffer J, Freund A, Bel-Rhlid R, Hansen CE, Reuss M, Schmid RD, Maurer SC (2007) Highly efficient enzymatic synthesis of 2-monoacylglycerides and structured lipids and their production on a technical scale. Lipids 42:947–953
Muñío MM, Robles A, Esteban L, González PA, Molina E (2009) Synthesis of structured lipids by two enzymatic steps: ethanolysis of fish oils and esterification of 2-monoacylglycerols. Process Biochem 44:723–730
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
About this article
Cite this article
Compton, D.L., Laszlo, J.A. & Evans, K.O. Influence of Solid Supports on Acyl Migration in 2-Monoacylglycerols: Purification of 2-MAG via Flash Chromatography. J Am Oil Chem Soc 90, 1397–1403 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2274-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2274-4