Skip to main content

Immobilization of Phospholipase A1 and its Application in Soybean Oil Degumming

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society volume 89, pages 649–656 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

Phospholipase A1 (PLA1), or Lecitase® Ultra, was immobilized on three different supports, calcium alginate (CA), calcium alginate-chitosan (CAC), and calcium alginate-gelatin (CAG), and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The results indicated that PLA1–CA retained 56.2% of the enzyme’s initial activity, whereas PLA1–CAC and PLA1–CAG retained 65.5 and 60.2%, respectively. Compared with free PLA1, the optimal pH of immobilized PLA1 shifted to the basic side by 0.5–1.0 pH units and the pH/activity profile range was considerably broadened. Similarly, the temperature-optima of PLA1–CAC and PLA1–CAG increased from 50 to 60 °C, and their thermal stability increased with relative activities of more than 90% that covered a wider temperature range spanning 50–65 °C. In a batch oil degumming process, the final residual phosphorus content was reduced to less than 10 mg/kg with free PLA1, PLA1–CAC and PLA1–CA in less than 5, 6 and 8 h respectively while PLA1–CAG was only able to reduce it to 15 mg/kg in 10 h. When the PLA1–CAC was applied in a plant degumming trial, the final residual phosphorus content was reduced to 9.7 mg/kg with 99.1% recovery of soybean oil. The recoveries of immobilized PLA1–CAC and activity of PLA1 were 80.2 and 78.2% respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that PLA1–CAC was the best immobilized enzyme complex for the continuous hydrolysis of phospholipids in crude vegetable oils.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

References

  1. Yang B, Zhou R, Yang J-G, Wang Y-H, Wang W-F (2008) Insight into the enzymatic degumming process of soybean oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 85:421–425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Clausen K (2001) Enzymatic oil-degumming by a novel microbial phospholipase. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 103:333–340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sheelu G, Kavitha G, Fadnavis N (2008) Efficient immobilization of Lecitase in gelatin hydrogel and degumming of rice bran oil using a apinning basket reactor. J Am Oil Chem Soc 85:739–748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yang B, Wang Y-H, Yang J-G (2006) Optimization of enzymatic degumming process for rapeseed oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 83:653–658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Yang J-G, Wang Y-H, Yang B, Mainda G, Guo Y (2006) Degumming of vegetable oil by a new microbial lipase. Food Techn Biotechnol 44(1):101–104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jahani M, Alizadeh M, Pirozifard M, Qudsevali A (2008) Optimization of enzymatic degumming process for rice bran oil using response surface methodology. LWTFood Sci Technol 41:1892–1898

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Haider T, Husain Q (2007) Calcium alginate entrapped preparations of Aspergillus oryzae [beta] galactosidase: Its stability and applications in the hydrolysis of lactose. Int J Biol Macromol 41:72–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Martino A, Pifferi PG, Spagna G (1996) Immobilization of [beta]-glucosidase from a commercial preparation. Part 2. Optimization of the immobilization process on chitosan. Process Biochem 31:287–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Matto M, Husain Q (2006) Entrapment of porous and stable concanavalin A–peroxidase complex into hybrid calcium alginate–pectin gel. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 81:1316–1323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhou Z-d, Li G-y, Li Y-j (2010) Immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase on hybrid alginate-chitosan beads. Int J Biol Macromol 47:21–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bornscheuer U (2000) Enzymes in lipid modification. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, pp 263–306

  12. Ates S, Mehmetoglu (1997) A new method for immobilization of [beta]-galactosidase and its utilization in a plug flow reactor. Process Biochem 32:433–436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sun W, Jiang D, Luo Y (2005) Immobilized PLA1 by chitosan/alginate microcapsule and study on Its structure. Food Sci 26:100–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhu M, Ai Z, Zhao Q, Dai Q (2004) Immobilization of α-amylase in calcium alginate-gelatin hydrogels. Food Sci 25:64–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. AOCS (1997) Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemist’s Society. Ca 12-55 Champaign, IL

  16. Krajewska B (2004) Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review. Enzyme Microbiol Technol 35:126–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chi M-C, Lyu R-C, Lin L-L, Huang H-B (2008) Characterization of Bacillus kaustophilus leucine aminopeptidase immobilized in Ca-alginate/k-carrageenan beads. Biochem Eng J 39:376–382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sanjay G, Sugunan S (2006) Enhanced pH and thermal stabilities of invertase immobilized on montmorillonite K-10. Food Chem 94:573–579

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Nakane K, Ogihara T, Ogata N, Kurokawa Y (2001) Entrap-immobilization of invertase on composite gel fiber of cellulose acetate and zirconium alkoxide by sol–gel process. J Appl Polym Sci 81:2084–2088

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang Y, Zhao M, Song K, Wang L, Tang S, Riley WW (2010) Partial hydrolysis of soybean oil by phospholipase A1 (Lecitase Ultra). Food Chem 121:1066–1072

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. O’Brien RD, Farr WE, Wan PJ (2000) Introduction to fats and oils technology, 2nd edn. AOCS Press, Champaign, pp 154–155

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was founded by the Chinese Higher Technology Research and Development 863 Program (2010AA101503) and the System of Soybean Industry and Technology of State Ministry of Agricultural (nycytx-004).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China

    Dianyu Yu, Lianzhou Jiang & Zhenlan Li

  2. Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9, Canada

    John Shi & Jun Xue

  3. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Yukio Kakuda

Authors
  1. Dianyu Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lianzhou Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhenlan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. John Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jun Xue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yukio Kakuda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lianzhou Jiang.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 142 kb)

About this article

Cite this article

Yu, D., Jiang, L., Li, Z. et al. Immobilization of Phospholipase A1 and its Application in Soybean Oil Degumming. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89, 649–656 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1943-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1943-4

Keywords

  • Phospholipase A1
  • Immobilization
  • Oil degumming
  • Soybean oil