Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of the North Dakota Growing Location on Canola Biodiesel Quality

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

Abstract

Canola biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) may have superior cold flow properties when compared to other biodiesel feedstocks, which is attributed to canola’s high unsaturated and low saturated fat content. The objective of this study was to evaluate canola biodiesel fatty acid composition, cloud point (CP) and oil stability index (OSI) among several ND locations and production years. In Experiment 1, bulked canola varieties from seven growing seasons (2003–2009) were analyzed and in Experiment 2 a single canola variety (Interstate Hyola 357RR) harvested at two locations (2003–2005, and 2007) were analyzed. FAME was produced directly from seed via in situ alkaline transesterification methods. CP ranged from −0.1 to −2.4 °C and was significantly impacted by year and location. FAME generally met the ASTM B100 specification for OSI (3 h), but increased seed storage decreased stability. No significant differences were detected in FAME composition, and iodine value ranged from 108 to 123 g I2/100 g. A significant relationship between fat saturation and location with CP and stability was not detected among the samples in this study. Variation in fatty acid composition was small; thus, the significant variability in CP and OSI suggests either differences in minor constituents (antioxidants, waxes) or environmental seed stress impacted biodiesel quality. Our study supports the value of examining biodiesel quality in a canola breeding program.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Knothe G (2005) Introduction. In: Knothe G, Krahl J, Van Gerpen J (eds) The biodiesel handbook. AOCS Press, Champaign, pp 1–3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. American Society for Testing, Materials (2009) Standard specification for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100) for distillate fuels, designation D 6751–09. ASTM, West Conshohocken

    Google Scholar 

  3. European Committee for Standardization (2003) Automotive fuels—fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines—requirements and test methods. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Method EN 14214

  4. Van Gerpen J (2005) Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel Proc Technol 86:1097–1107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ma F, Hanna MA (1999) Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresource Technol 70:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Knothe G (2005) Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters. Fuel Process Technol 86:1059–1070

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Knothe G (2008) ‘Designer’ biodiesel: optimizing fatty ester composition to improve fuel properties. Energy Fuels 22:1358–1364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dunn RO (2009) Effects of minor constituents on cold flow properties and performance of biodiesel. Prog Energ Combust Sci 35:481–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ramos MJ, Fernández CM, Casas A, Rodrígez L, Pérez A (2009) Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties. Bioresource Technol 100:261–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lang X, Dalai AK, Bakhshi NN, Reaney MJ, Hertz PB (2001) Preparation and characterization of bio-diesels from various bio-oils. Bioresource Technol 80:53–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Dmytryshyn SL, Dalai AK, Chaudhari ST, Mishra HK, Reaney MJ (2004) Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil derived esters: evaluation for their diesel additive properties. Bioresouce Technol 92:55–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Imahara H, Minami E, Saka S (2006) Thermodynamic study on cloud point of biodiesel with its fatty acid composition. Fuel 85:1666–1670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Knothe G (2007) Some aspects of biodiesel oxidative stability. Fuel Process Technol 88:669–677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Firestone D (ed) (1999) Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS, 5th edn. AOCS Press, Champaign. Method Cd 12b-92

  15. Moser BR (2008) Influence of blending canola, palm, soybean, and sunflower oil methyl esters on fuel properties of biodiesel. Energy Fuels 22:4301–4306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Angadi SV, Cutforth HV, Miller PR, McConkey BG, Entz MH, Brandt SA, Volkmar KM (2000) Response of three Brassica species to high temperature stress during reproductive growth. Can J Plant Sci 80:693–701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. McCartney CA, Scarth R, McVetty PBE, Daun JK (2004) Genotypic and environmental effects on saturated fatty acid concentration of canola grown in Manitoba. Can J Plant Sci 84:749–756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kutcher HR, Warland JS, Brandt SA (2010) Temperature and precipitation effects on canola yields in Saskatchewan, Canada. Agric For Meterol 150:161–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Pavlista AD, Santra DK, Isbell TA, Baltensperger DD, Hergert GW, Krall J, Mesbach A, Johnson J, O’Neill M, Aiken R, Berrada A (2011) Adaptability of irrigated spring canola oil production to the US High Plains. Ind Crop Prod 33:165–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Harrington KJ, D’ Arcy-Evans C (1985) A comparison of conventional and in situ methods of transesterification of seed oil from a series of sunflower cultivars. J Am Oil Chem Soc 62:1009–1013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Davis JP, Geller D, Faircloth WH, Sanders TH (2009) Comparisons of biodiesel produced from unrefined oils of different peanut cultivars. J Am Oil Chem Soc 86:353–361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Haagenson DM, Brudvik RL, Lin H, Wiesenborn DP (2010) Implementing an in situ alkaline transesterification method for canola biodiesel quality screening. J Am Oil Chem Soc 87:1351–1358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. GIPSA, USDA (2004) Grain Inspection Handbook- Book II, Chapter 3, USDA, Grain Inspection. Packers and Stockyards Administration, Washington, DC, p 13

    Google Scholar 

  24. Espinoza-Pérez JD, Haagenson DM, Pryor SW, Ulven CA, Wiesenborn DP (2009) Production and characterization of epoxidized canola oil. Trans ASABE 52:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  25. Institute SAS (2008) Release version 9.2 for windows. SAS Institute, Cary

    Google Scholar 

  26. Knothe G (2002) Structure indices in FA chemistry. How relevant is the iodine value? J Am Oil Chem Soc 79:847–854

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kulkarni MG, Dalai AK, Bakhshi NN (2006) Utilization of green seed canola oil for biodiesel production. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 81:1886–1893

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful for research support from the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and North Dakota Center of Excellence for Oilseed Development. Mukhles Rahman (NDSU Plant Science) and Barry Coleman (Northern Canola Growers Association) kindly provided canola samples. The GC analysis provided by Leonard Cook, (USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND), and laboratory analysis conducted by NDSU undergraduate research assistants, Mukesh Kumar and Harjot Sidhu, is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Dept 7620, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA

    Darrin M. Haagenson & Dennis P. Wiesenborn

Authors
  1. Darrin M. Haagenson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dennis P. Wiesenborn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dennis P. Wiesenborn.

About this article

Cite this article

Haagenson, D.M., Wiesenborn, D.P. Impact of the North Dakota Growing Location on Canola Biodiesel Quality. J Am Oil Chem Soc 88, 1439–1445 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1801-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1801-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation