Abstract
Selective extraction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from deoiled soybean lecithin using supercritical fluid (SCF) mixtures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethanol was studied at moderate pressures. Temperature was varied between 60 and 80°C at pressures of 17.2 and 20.7 MPa. Ethanol was added as co-solvent to supercritical CO2 at the levels of 10 and 12.5 wt%. Constant rate of extraction of the individual phospholipids (PL) was observed for 150 min during which the extractions were carried out. Pressure and ethanol fraction had a positive effect on the selective extraction of PC, whereas temperature had a negative effect. Under all the conditions studied, the extracts were mainly composed of PC while the extraction of the other PL was very low. Extraction at 60°C and 20.7 MPa with 10 wt% ethanol/90 wt% CO2 SCF mixture resulted in 95% selectivity to PC.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Horrocks L.A., Nomenclature and Structure of Phosphatides, in Lecithin: Sources, Manufacture, and Uses, edited by B.F. Szuhaj, American Oil Chemists’ Society, Champaign, 1989, pp. 1–6
Canty, D.J., and S.H. Zeisel, Lecithin and Choline in Human Health and Disease, Nutrition Rev. 52:327–339 (1994).
Schneider, M., Fractionation and Purification of Phospholipids, in Lecithins: Sources, Manufacture, and Uses, edited by B.F. Szuhaj, American Oil Chemists’ Society, Champaign, 1989, pp. 109–130.
List, G.R., and J.P. Friedrich, Oxidative Stability of Seed Oils Extracted with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 66:98–101 (1989).
List, G.R., and J.P. Friedrich, Supercritical CO2 Degumming and Physical Refining of Soybean Oil, Ibid. 70:473–476 (1993).
Brunner, G., and S. Peter, On the Solubility of Glycerides and Fatty Acids in Compressed Gases in the Presence of an Entrainer, Sep. Sci. Tech. 17:199–214 (1982).
Temelli, F., Extraction of Triglycerides and Phospholipids from Canola with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol, J. Food Sci. 57:440–442 (1992).
Dunford, N.T., and F. Temelli, Extraction of Phospholipids from Canola with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 72:1009–1015 (1995).
Peter, S., Supercritical Fractionation of Lipids, in Supercritical Fluid Technology in Oil and Lipid Chemistry, edited by J.W. King and G.R. List, AOCS Press, Champaign, 1996, pp. 82.
Montanari, L., P. Fantozzi, J.M. Snyder, and J.W. King, Selective Extraction of Phospholipids from Soybeans with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol, J. Supercrit. Fluids 14:87–93 (1999).
Pohler, H., and E. Kiran, Volumetric Properties of Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol at High Pressures, J. Chem. Eng. Data 42: 384–388 (1997).
Hurst, W.J., and R.A. Martin, Jr., The Analysis of Phospholipids in Soy Lecithin by HPLC, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61:1462 (1984).
Van der Meeren, P., J. Van der Deelen, M. Huys, and L. Baert, Quantification of Soybean Phospholipid Solubility Using Evaporative Light-Scattering Mass Detector, in Phospholipids: Biochemical, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Considerations, edited by I. Hanin and G. Pepeu, Plenum Press, 1989, pp. 273–277.
Day, C.Y., C.J. Chang, and C.Y. Chen, Pressure Equilibrium of Ethanol + CO2 and Acetone + CO2 at Elevated Pressures, J. Chem. Eng. Data 41:839–843 (1996).
Suzuki, K., H. Sue, M. Itou, R.L. Smith, H. Inomata, K. Aral, and S. Saito, Isothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for Binary Systems at High Pressures: Carbon Dioxid-Methanol, Carbon Dioxide-Ethanol, Carbon Dioxide-1-Propanol, Methane-Ethanol, Methane-1-Propanol, Ethane-Ethanol, and Ethane-1-Propanol Systems, Ibid. 35:63–66 (1990).
Montanari, L., J.W. King, G.R. List, and K.A. Rennick, Selective Extraction of Phospholipid Mixtures by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Cosolvents, J. Food Sci. 61:1230–1233 (1996).
Friedrich, J.P., and E.H. Pryde, Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Lipid-Bearing Materials and Characterization of the Products, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61:223–228 (1984).
Fattori, M., N.R. Bulley, and A. Meisen, Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Canola Seed: Oil Solubility and Effect of Seed Treatment, Ibid. 65:968–973 (1988).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Teberikler, L., Koseoglu, S. & Akgerman, A. Selective extraction of phosphatidylcholine from lecithin by supercritical carbon dioxide/ethanol mixture. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 78, 115–120 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-001-0230-2
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-001-0230-2