Skip to main content
Log in

Microsequencing of bovine cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins: Identification of bovine apolipoprotein E

  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

In studies of bovine plasma lipoproteins, apolipoprotein E (apoE) was not found associated with α-lipoproteins isolated over a broad range of densities. However, studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipoproteins from other mammals have shown that apoE is a major apolipoprotein associated with high density lipoprotein, a fact that prompted us to determine if this were also the case in bovine CSF. CSF samples were obtained from animals with a surgically implanted catheter. Most analyzed samples were obtained from cows at various stages of the postpartum period; however, a few samples also were obtained at term or during pregnancy. Analyses of isolated ultracentrifugal fractions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of two apo, with the expected molecular weights for apoE and apoA-I. By using both matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry and microsequencing techniques, we demonstrated that these apo are indeed apoE and apoA-I.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

apo:

apolipoprotein

CSF:

cerebrospinal fluid

HDL:

high density lipoprotein

LDL:

low density lipoprotein

MALD-MS:

matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry

PAGE:

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

References

  1. Shore, V.G., and Shore, B. (1973) Heterogeneity of Human Plasma Very Low Density Lipoproteins. Separation of Species Differing in Protein Components, Biochemistry 12, 502–507.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Shore, V.G., Shore, B., and Hart, R.G. (1974) Changes in Apolipoproteins and Properties of Rabbit Very Low Density Lipoproteins on Induction of Cholesteremia, Biochemistry 13, 1579–1585.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Swaney, J.B., Reese, H., and Eder, H.A. (1974) Polypeptide Composition of Rat High Density Lipoprotein: Characterization by SDS-Gel Electrophoresis, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 59, 513–519.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Puppione, D.L., and Nichols, A.V. (1969) Characterization of the Chemical and Physical Properties of the Serum Lipoproteins of Certain Marine Mammals, Physiol. Chem. Phys. 2, 49–58.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Puppione, D.L., Forte, G.M., Nichols, A.V., and Strisower, E.H. (1970) Partial Characterization of the Serum Lipoproteins in the Density Interval 1.04–1.06 g/mL, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 202, 392–395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Puppione, D.L., Raphael, B., McCarthy, R.D., and Dimick, P.S. (1972) Variation in the Electrophoretic Distribution of Low Density Lipoproteins of Holstein Cows, J. Dairy Sci. 56, 1411–1414.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lasser, N.L., Roheim, P.S., Edelstein, D., and Eder, H.A. (1973) Serum Lipoproteins of Normal and Cholesterol-Fed Rats, J. Lipid Res. 14, 1–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mahley, R.W., and Weisgraber, K.H. (1974) Canine Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis. I. Isolation and Characterization of Plasma Lipoproteins from Control Dogs, Circ. Res. 35, 713–721.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. LeBoeuf, R.C., Puppione, D.L., Schumaker, V.N., and Lusis, A.J. (1983) Genetic Control of Lipid Transport in Mice. I. Structural Properties and Polymorphisms of Plasma Lipoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 5063–5070.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Puppione, D.L., Kunitake, S.T., Toomey, M.L., Loh, E., and Schumaker, V.N. (1982) Physicochemical Characterization of Ten Fractions of Bovine Alpha Lipoproteins, J. Lipid Res. 23, 371–379.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Davis, R.W., Pierotti, V.R., Lauer, S.J., Hubl, S.T., McLean, J.W., Witztum, J.L., and Young, S.G. (1991) Lipoproteins in Pinnipeds: Analysis of a High Molecular Weight Form of Apolipoprotein E, J. Lipid Res. 32, 1013–1023.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Weisgraber, K.H., and Mahley, R.W. (1984) Characterization of Rat Lipoproteins, in Handbook of Electrophoresis (Lewis, L.A., and Naito, H.K., eds.) Vol. IV, pp. 103–132, CRC Press, Boca Raton.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Puppione, D.L., Smith, N.E., Clifford, C.K., and Clifford, A.J. (1980) Relationships Among Serum Lipids, Milk Production, and Physiological Status in Dairy Cows, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 65A, 319–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Williams, G.L. (1989) Modulation of Luteal Activity in Postpartum Beef Cows Through Changes in Dietary Lipids, J. Anim. Sci. 67, 785–793.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Raphael, B.C., Dimick, P.S., and Puppione, D.L. (1973) Lipid Characterization of Bovine Serum Lipoproteins Throughout Gestation and Lactation, J. Dairy Sci. 56, 1025–1032.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Cordle, S.R., Clegg, R.A., and Yeaman, S.J. (1985) Purification and Characterization of Bovine Lipoproteins: Resolution of High Density and Low Density Lipoproteins Using Heparin-Sepharose Chromatography, J. Lipid Res. 26, 721–725.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Puppione, D.L., Kunitake, S.T., Hamilton, R.L., Phillips, M.L., and Schumaker, V.N. (1982) Characterization of Unusual Intermediate Density Lipoproteins, J. Lipid Res. 23, 283–290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Grummer, R.R., Meacham, C.A., Hurley, W.L., and Davis, C.L. (1987) Apolipoprotein Composition of Bovine Lipoproteins Isolated by Gel Filtration Chromatography, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 88B, 1163–1174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yang, Y.W., Chan, L., and Li, W.H. (1991) Cloning and Sequencing of Bovine Apolipoprotein E Complementary DNA and Molecular Evolution of Apolipoproteins E, C-I, and C-II, J. Mol. Evol. 32, 469–475.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Brzozowska, A., Fries, R., Womack, J.E., Grimholt, U., Myklebost, O., and Rogne, S. (1993) Isolation, Sequencing, and Expression Analysis of a Bovine Apolipoprotein E (APOE) cDNA and Chromosomal Localization of the APOE Locus, Mammalian Genome 4, 53–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Roheim, P.S., Carey, M., Forte, T., and Vega, G.L. (1979) Apolipoproteins in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4646–4649.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pitas, R.E., Boyles, J.K., Lee, S.H., Hui, D., and Weisgraber, K.H. (1987) Lipoproteins and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System. Characterization of the Lipoproteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Identification of Apolipoprotein B,E (LDL) Receptors in the Brain, J. Biol. Chem. 262 14352–14360.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. National Research Council (1984) Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 6th edn., National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gazal, O.S., Leshin, L.S., Stanko, R.L., Thomas, M.G., Keisler, D.H. Anderson, L.L., and Williams, G.L. (1998) Biol. Reprod. 59, in press.

  25. Puppione, D.L., and Charugundla, S. (1994) A Microprecipitation Technique Suitable for Measuring Alpha-Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Lipids 29, 595–597.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lindgren, F.T. (1975) Preparative Ultracentrifugal Laboratory Procedures and Suggestion for Lipoprotein Analysis, in Analysis of Lipids and Lipoproteins (Perkins, E.G., ed.), pp. 204–224, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Weber, K., and Osborne, M. (1975) Proteins and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: Molecular Weight Determination on Polyacrylamide Gels and Related Procedures, in The Proteins (Neurath, H., and Hill, R.L., eds.) Vol. IV, pp. 179–223, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Cleavage of Structural Proteins During the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4, Nature 227, 680–685.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fischer, W.H., Karr, D., Jackson, B., Park, M., and Vale, W. (1991) Microsequence Analysis of Proteins Purified by Gel Electrophoresis, in Methods in Neurosciences (Conn, P.M., ed.) Vol. 6, pp. 69–84, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Jenö, P., Mini, T., Moes, S., Hintermann, E., and Horst, M. (1995) Internal Sequences from Proteins Digested in Polyacrylamide Gels, Anal. Biochem. 224, 75–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hillenkamp, F., Karas, M., Beavis, R.C., and Chait, B.T. (1991) Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Biopolymers, Anal. Biochem. 63, 1193–1202.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Craig, A.G., Fischer, W.H., Park, M., Rivier, J.E., Musselman, B.D., Powell, J.F., Reska-Skinner, S.M., Prakash, M.O., Mackie, G.O., and Sherwood, N.M. (1997) Sequence Determination of Two Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormones from Tunicate, FEBS Lett. 413, 215–225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Zannis, V.I., McPherson, J., Goldberger, G., Karathanasis, S.K., and Breslow, J.L. (1984) Synthesis, Intracellular Processing, and Signal Peptide of Human Apolipoprotein E, J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5495–5499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sparrow, D.A., Lee, B.R., Laplaud, P.M., Auboiron, S., Bauchart, D., Chapman, M.J., Gotto, A.M., Jr., Yang, C.Y., and Sparrow, J.T. (1992) Plasma Lipid Transport in the Preruminant Calf, Bos spp: Primary Structure of Bovine Apolipoprotein A-I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1123, 145–150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Wallis, S.C., Rogne, S., Gill, L., Marham, A., Edge, M., Woods, D., Williamson, R., and Humphries, S. (1983) The Isolation of cDNA Clones for Human Apolipoprotein E and the Detection of apoE RNA in Hepatic and Extra-Hepatic Tissues, EMBO J. 2, 2369–2373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Williams, D.L., Dawson, P.A., Newman, T.C., and Rudel, L.L. (1985) Apolipoprotein E Synthesis in Peripheral Tissues of Nonhuman Primates, J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2444–2451.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Newman, T.C., Dawson, P.A., Rudel, L.L., and Williams, D.L. (1985) Quantitation of Apolipoprotein E mRNA in the Liver and Peripheral Tissues of Nonhuman Primates, J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2452–2457.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Elshourbagy, N.A., Liao, W.S. Mahley, R.W., and Taylor, J.M. (1985) Apolipoprotein E mRNA Is Abundant in the Brain and Adrenals, as Well as in the Liver, and Is Present in Other Peripheral Tissues of Rats and Marmosets, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 203–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Boyles, J.K., Pitas, R.E., Wilson, E., Mahley, R.W., and Taylor, J.M. (1985) Apolipoprotein E Associated with Astrocytic Glia of the Central Nervous System and with Nonmyelinating Glia of the Peripheral Nervous System, J. Clin. Inv. 76, 1501–1513.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ndikum-Moffor, F.M., Simmen, R.C., Fields, P.A., Katoh, N., Oikawa, S., Buhi, W.C., Rollyson, M.K., Chang, S.M., and Fields, M.J. (1997) Synthesis and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression of Apolipoproteins E and A-I by the Bovine Corpus Luteum During the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy, Biol. Reprod. 56, 745–756.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Bellosta, S., Nathan, B.P., Orth, M., Dong, L.M., Mahley, R.W., and Pitas, R.E. (1995) Stable Expression and Secretion of Apolipoproteins E3 and E4 in Mouse Neuroblastoma Cells Produce Differential Effects on Neurite Outgrowth, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 27063–27071.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Jones, V., Martin, T.C., Keyes, P., and Dawson, M. (1996) Protein Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid from BSE-Affected Cattle, Vet. Record 139, 360–363.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hochstrasser, D.F., Frutiger, S., Wilkins, M.R., Hughes, G., and Sanchez, J.C. (1997) Elevation of Apolipoprotein E in the CSF of Cattle Affected by BSE, FEBS Lett. 416, 161–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Stone, D.J., Rozovsky, I., Morgan, T.E., Anderson, C.P., Hajian, H., and Finch, C.E. (1997) Astrocytes and Microglia Respond to Estrogen with Increased ApoE mRNA in vivo and in vitro, Exp. Neurol. 143, 313–318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Srivastava, R.A., Bhasin, N., and Srivastava, N. (1996) Apolipoprotein E Gene Expression in Various Tissues of Mouse and Regulation by Estrogen, Biochem. Mol. Biol. Intnl. 38, 91–101.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donald L. Puppione.

About this article

Cite this article

Puppione, D.L., Fischer, W.H., Park, M. et al. Microsequencing of bovine cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins: Identification of bovine apolipoprotein E. Lipids 33, 781–786 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-998-0270-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-998-0270-2

Keywords

Navigation