Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of dietary vitamin E supply and a moderately oxidized oil on activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in rats

  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are well known to suppress hepatic lipogenic enzymes compared to fat-free diets or diets rich in saturated fatty acids. However, the mechanism underlying suppression of lipogenic enzymes is not quite clear. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether lipid peroxidation products are involved in suppression of lipogenic enzymes. Therefore, an experiment with growing male rats assigned to six groups over a period of 40 d was carried out. Rats received semisynthetic diets containing 9.5% coconut oil and 0.5% fresh soybean oil (coconut oil diet, peroxide value 5.1 meq O2/kg oil), 10% fresh soybean oil (fresh soybean oil diet, peroxide value 0.5 meq O2/kg oil), or 10% thermally treated soybean oil (oxidized soybean oil diet, peroxide value 74 meq O2/kg oil). To modify the antioxidant state of the rats, we varied the vitamin E supply (11 and 511 mg α-tocopherol equivalents per kg of diet) according to a bi-factorial design. Food intake and body weight gain were not influenced by dietary fat and vitamin E supply. Activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes were markedly influenced by the dietary fat. Feeding either fresh or oxidized soybean oil diets markedly reduced activities of fatty acid synthase, (FAS), acetyl CoA-carboxylase, (AcCX), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and ATP citrate lyase (ACL) relative to feeding the coconut oil diet. Moreover, feeding oxidized soybean oil slightly, but significantly, lowered activities of FAS, AcCX, and ACL compared to feeding fresh soybean oil. Activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes were reflected by concentrations of triglycerides in liver and plasma. Rats fed the coconut oil diet had markedly higher triglyceride concentrations in liver and plasma than rats consuming fresh or oxidized soybean oil diets, and rats fed oxidized soybean oil had lower concentrations than rats fed fresh soybean oil. The vitamin E supply of the rats markedly influenced concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in liver, but it did not influence activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes. Because the vitamin E supply had no effect, and ingestion of an oxidized oil had only a minor effect, on activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes, it is strongly suggested that neither exogenous nor endogenous lipid peroxidation products play a significant role in the suppression of hepatic lipogenic enzymes by diets rich in PUFA. Therefore, we assumed that dietary PUFA themselves are involved in regulatio of hepatic lipogenic enzymes. Nevertheless, the study shows that ingestion of oxidized oils, regardless of the vitamin E supply, also affects hepatic lipogenesis, and hence influences triglyceride levels in liver and plasma.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

PUFA:

polyunsaturated fatty acids

TBARS:

thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances

References

  1. Iritani, N. (1992) Nutritional and Hormonal Regulation of Lipogenic-Enzyme Gene Expression in Rat Liver, Eur. J. Biochem. 205, 433–442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Clarke, S.D., and Jump, D.B. (1993) Regulation of Gene Transcription by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Prog. Lipid Res. 32, 139–149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Clarke, B.A., and Clarke, S.D. (1982) Suppression of Rat Liver Fatty Acid Synthesis by Eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic Acid Without a Reduction in Lipogenic Enzymes, J. Nutr. 112, 1212–1219.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Tomlinson, J.E., Nakayama, R., and Holten, D. (1988) Repression of Pentose Phosphate Pathway Dehydrogenase Synthesis and mRNA by Dietary Fat in Rats, J. Nutr. 118, 408–415.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Clarke, S.D., and Jump, D.B. (1996) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Regulation of Hepatic Gene Transcription, J. Nutr. 126, 1105S-1109S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Mikkelsen, L., Hansen, H.S., Grunnet, N., and Dich, J. (1993) Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthesis in Rat Hepatocytes by Exogenous Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Caused by Lipid Peroxidation, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1166, 99–104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Reeves, P.G., Nielsen, F.H., and Fahey, G.C. Jr. (1993) AIN-93 Purified Diets for Laboratory Rodents: Final Report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc Writing Committee on the Reformulation of the AIN-76A Rodent Diet, J. Nutr. 123, 1939–1945.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Garg, L., Sebokova, E., Thomson, A.B.R., and Clandinin, M.T. (1988) Δ6-Desaturase Activity in Liver Microsomes of Rats Fed Diets Enriched with Cholesterol and/or ω3 Fatty Acids, Biochem. J. 249, 351–356.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Deutsch, J. (1983) Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, (Bergmeyer, H.U., ed.) Vol. 3, pp. 190–197, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Horecker, B.L., and Smyrniotis, P.Z. (1955) 6-Phosphogluconic Acid Dehydrogenase, Methods Enzymol. 1, 323–327.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Nepokroeff, C.M., Lakshmanan, M.R., and Porter, J.W. (1975) Fatty Acid Synthase from Rat Liver, Methods Enzymol. 35, 37–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tanabe, T., Nakanishi, S., Hashimoto, T., Ogiwara, H., Nikawa, J.-I., and Numa, S. (1981) Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase from Rat Liver, Methods Enzymol. 71, 5–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Takeda, Y., Suzuki, F., and Inoue, H. (1969) ATP Citrate Lyase (citrate-cleavage enzyme), Methods Enzymol. 13, 153–163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hara, A., and Radin, N.S. (1978) Lipid Extraction with a Low-Toxicity Solvent, Anal. Biochem. 90, 420–426.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. De Hoff, J.L., Davidson, L.H., and Kritchevsky, V. (1978) An Enzymatic Assay for Determining Free and Total Cholesterol in Tissue, Clin. Chem. 24, 433–435.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Morrisson, W.R., and Smith, L.M. (1964) Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Dimethylacetals with Boron Fluoride-Methanol, J. Lipid Res. 5, 600–608.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Eder, K., and Kirchgessner, M. (1996) The effect of Dietary Fat on Activities of Lipogenic Enzymes in Liver and Adipose Tissue of Zinc-Adequate and Zinc-Deficient Rats, J. Nutr. Biochem. 7, 190–195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Balz, M.K., Schulte, E., and Thier, H.P. (1993) Simultaneous Determination of α-Tocopheryl Acetate, Tocopherols and Tocotrienols by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection in Foods, Fat Sci. Technol. 95, 215–220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fukunaga, K., Suzuki, T., and Takama, K. (1993) Highly Sensitive High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Measurement of Malondialdehyde in Biological Samples, J. Chromatogr., 621, 77–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Iritani, N., Nishimoto, N., Katsurada, A., and Fukuda, H. (1991) Regulation of Hepatic Lipogenic Enzyme Expression by Diet Quantity in Rats Fed a Fat-Free, High Carbohydrate Diet, J. Nutr. 122, 28–36.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Blanc, P., Revol, A., and Pacheco, H. (1992) Chronical Ingestion of Oxidized Oil in the Rat: Effect on Lipid Composition and on Cytidylyl Transferase Activity in Various Tissues, Nutr. Res. 12, 833–844.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yoshida, H., and Kajimoto, G. (1989) Effect of Dietary Vitamin E on the Toxicity of Autoxidized Oil to Rats, Ann. Nutr. Metab. 33, 153–161.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hochgraf, E., Mokady, S., and Cogan, U. (1997) Dietary Oxidized Linoleic Acid Modifies Lipid Composition of Rat Liver Microsomes and Increases Their Fluidity, J. Nutr. 127, 681–688.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Iritani, N., Fukuda, E., and Kitamurra, Y. (1980) Effect of Oxidized Oil on Lipogenic Enzymes, Lipids 15, 371–374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hayam, I., Cogan, U., and Mokady, S. (1993) Dietary Oxidized Oil Enhances the Activity of (Na+K+) ATPase and Acetylcholinesterase and Lowers the Fluidity of Rat Erythrocyte Membrane, J. Nutr. Biochem. 4, 563–568.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Corcos Benedetti, P., D'Aquino, M., Di Felice, M., Gentili, V., Tagliamonte, B., and Tomassi, G. (1987) Effects of a Fraction of Thermally Oxidized Soy Bean Oil on Growing Rats, Nutr. Rep. Int. 36, 387–401.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Borsting, C.F., Engberg, R.M., Jakobsen, K., Jensen, S.K., and Andersen, J.O. (1994) Inclusion of Oxidized Fish Oil in Mink Diets. 1. The Influence on Nutrient Digestibility and Fatty-Acid Accumulation in Tissues, J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 72, 132–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Liu, J.-F., and Huang, C.-J. (1995) Tissue α-Tocopherol Retention in Male Rats Is Compromised by Feeding Diets Containing Oxidized Frying Oil, J. Nutr. 125, 3071–3080.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Liu, J.-F., and Huang, C.-J. (1996) Dietary Oxidized Frying Oil Enhances Tissue α-Tocopherol Depletion and Radioisotope Tracer Excretion in Vitamin E-Deficient Rats, J. Nutr. 126, 2227–2235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. D'Aquino, M., Di Felice, M., and Tomassi, G. (1985) Vitamin E Status and Effects of Thermoxidized Fats on Structural Alphatocopherol and Fatty Acid of Different Rat Tissues, Nutr. Rep. Int. 32, 1179–1186.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lee, H.-S., and Csallany, A.S. (1994) The Influence of Vitamin E and Selenium on Lipid Peroxidation and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Rat Liver and Tissue, Lipids 29, 345–350.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Nardini, M., Scaccini, C., D'Aquino, M., Benedetti, P.C., Di Felice, M., and Tomassi, G. (1993) Lipid Peroxidation in Liver Microsomes of Rats Fed Soybean, Olive and Coconut Oil, J. Nutr. Biochem. 4, 39–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hu, M.-L., Frankel, E.N., Leibovitz, B.E., and Tappel, A.L. (1989) Effect of Dietary Lipids and Vitamin E on in vitro Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Liver and Kidney Homogenates, J. Nutr. 119, 1574–1582.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Ernährungsphysiologie der Technischen Universität München-Weihenstephan, Driverstraße 22, 85350, Freising, Germany

    Klaus Eder & Manfred Kirchgessner

Authors
  1. Klaus Eder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manfred Kirchgessner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Klaus Eder.

About this article

Cite this article

Eder, K., Kirchgessner, M. The effect of dietary vitamin E supply and a moderately oxidized oil on activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in rats. Lipids 33, 277–283 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-998-0206-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-998-0206-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation