Abstract
Ester waxes and steryl glycosides of the grass Festuca argentina were studied. Saponification of the waxes from the petroleum ether extract led to n-hexacosanol as the major single linear alcohol, along with pentacyclic triterpenols, such as β-amyrin, germanicol, isobaurenol, lupeol, hopenol-a and hopeol, and low amounts of sterols, such as cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and dihydrositosterol, identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fatty acids were identified as methyl esters as C12∶0, C14∶0, C16∶0, C18∶0, C18∶2, and C20∶0. The occurrence of a wide chainlength range of fatty acids and a single linear alcohol closely matched for other reports on the tribe Festuceae. On the contrary, pentacyclic triterpenols with a variety of skeletons, especially isobauerenol, are not usual as esters of fatty acids in the Gramineae. Low amounts of steryl glycosides were also obtained from the methylene chloride percolate of the methanol extract. Upon acetylation followed by hydrolysis, aglycones were identified by capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and GC/MS. As Δ7-cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, dihydrositosterol, and the sugars as glucose, xylose, and arabinose by GLC of the respective alditol acetates. This is the first report on the linear, steryl, and triterpenyl esters of F. argentina. It is noteworthy that Δ7-steryl glycosides are rare, and steryl monoarabinosides have not been proviously reported on the family Gramineae.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- GC/MS:
-
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
- GLC:
-
gas-liquid chromatography
- MPLC:
-
medium-pressure liquid chromatography
- MS:
-
mass spectra
- MW:
-
molecular weight
- PE:
-
petroleum ether
- Rf :
-
retention front
- Rt :
-
retention time
- TLC:
-
thin-layer chromatography
References
Parodi, L.R. (1950) Las Gramíneas Tóxicas para el Ganado en la República Argentina, Rev. Arg. Agron. 17, 163–229.
Nicora, E.A. (1978) Gramíneas, in Flora Patagónica (Correa, M.N., ed.) Vol. 3, pp. 118–119, Colección Científica del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, INTA, Buenos Aires.
Casabuono, A.C., and Pomilio, A.B. (1996) Festuca argentina and Festuca hieronymi: Chemical Relationships of Nonpolar Constituents. Biochem., Syst. Ecol. 24, 247–254.
Hegnauer, R. (1986) Gramineae, in Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen. Vol. VII, pp. 620–657, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Boston and Stuttgart.
Tulloch, A.P., and Hoffman, L.L. (1977) Composition of Epicuticular Waxes of Some Grasses, Can. J. Bot. 55, 853–857.
Tulloch, A.P., and Hoffman, L.L. (1974) Epicuticular Waxes of Secale cereale and Triticale hexaploide Leaves, Phytochemistry 13, 2535–2540.
Tulloch, A.P., and Weenink, R.O. (1969) Composition of the Leaf Wax of Little Club Wheat, Can. J. Chem. 47, 3119–3126.
Tulloch, A.P., and Hoffman, L.L. (1971) Leaf Wax of Durum Wheat, Phytochemistry 10, 871–876.
Tulloch, A.P., and Hoffman, L.L. (1973) Leaf Wax of Triticum aestivum, Phytochemistry 12, 2217–2223.
Tulloch, A.P., and Hoffman, L.L. (1976) Epicuticular Wax of Agropyron intermedium, Phytochemistry 15, 1145–1151.
Allebone, J.E., and Hamilton, R.J. (1972) Cuticular Leaf Waxes III. Free and Esterified Acids and Alcohols in Chenopodium album L., Lolium perenne L., and Stellaria media L., J. Sci. Food Agric. 23, 777–786.
Tulloch, A.P. (1976) Epicuticular Wax of Agropyron smithii Leaves, Phytochemistry 15, 1153–1156.
Tulloch, A.P. (1984) Epicuticular Waxes of Four Eragrostoid Grasses, Phytochemistry 23, 1619–1623.
Grunwald, C. (1975) Plant Sterols, Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 26, 209–236.
Casabuono, A.C., and Pomilio, A.B. (1994) Lignans and a Stilbene from Festuca argentina, Phytochemistry 35, 479–483.
Lisboa, B.P. (1964) Characterization of Δ4-3-Oxo-C21-steroids on Thin-Layer Chromatograms by in situ Colour Reactions, J. Chromatogr. 16, 136–151.
Budzikiewicz, H., Djerassi, C., and Williams, D.H. (1964) Interpretation of Mass Spectra of Organic Compounds, pp. 10–14, Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco.
Knights, B.A. (1967) Identification of Plant Sterols Using Combined GLC/MS. J. Gas Chromatogr. 5, 273–282.
Partridge, L.G., Midgley, I., and Djerassi, C. (1977) Mass Spectrometry in Structural and Stereochemical Problems. 249. Elucidation of the Course of the Characteristic Ring D Fragmentation of Unsaturated Steroids, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 7686–7695.
Budzikiewicz, H., Wilson, J.M., and Djerassi, C. (1963) Mass Spectrometry in Structural and Stereochemical Problems. XXXII. Pentacyclic Triterpenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 3688–3699.
Ogunkoya, L. (1981) Application of Mass Spectrometry in Structural Problems in Triterpenes, Phytochemistry 20, 121–126.
Talapatra, S.K., Sengupta, S., and Talapatra, B. (1968) A New Pentacyclic Triterpene Alcohol from Evodia fraxinifolia Hook F., Tetrahedron Lett. 57, 5963–5968.
Meksuriyen, D., Nanayakkara, N.P.D., Phoebe, C.H., Jr., and Cordell, G.A. (1986) Two Triterpenes from Davidsonia pruriens, Phytochemistry 25, 1685–1689.
Ohmoto, T., Ikuse, M., and Natori, S. (1970) Triterpenoids of the Gramineae, Phytochemistry 9, 2137–2148.
Iribarren, A.M., and Pomilio, A.B. (1985) Sitosterol 3-O-α-d-Riburonofuranoside from Bauhinia candicans, Phytochemistry 24, 360–361.
Ram, S.N., Dwivedi, S.P.D., Pandey, V.B., and Shah, A.H. (1988) Constituents of Rhamnus triquerta, Fitoterapia 59 78–79.
Sunder, R., Ayengar, K.N.N., and Rangaswami, S. (1974) Crystalline Chemical Components of Cheilanthes longissima, Phytochemistry 13, 1610–1611.
Iribarren, A.M., and Pomilio, A.B. (1983) Components of Bauhinia candicans, J. Nat. Prod. 46, 752–753.
Yeh, P., and Chiang, H. (1982) Studies on the Constituents of Paris formosana Hayata. Part II. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. (Taipei) 29, 39–46.
Iribarren, A.M., and Pomilio, A.B. (1984) Sitosterol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside from Bauhinia candicans, Phytochemistry 23, 2087–2088.
Iribarren, A.M., and Pomilio, A.B. (1987) Sitosterol 3-O-α-d-xyluronofuranoside from Bauhinia candicans, Phytochemistry 26, 857–858.
Jares, E.A., Tettamanzi, M.C., and Pomilio, A.B. (1990) Sitosterol 3-O-β-d-Glucuronopyranoside from Senecio bonariensis, Phytochemistry 29, 340–341.
Jahan, N., Ahmed, W., and Malik, A. (1995) New Steroidal Glycosides from Mimusops elengi, J. Nat. Prod. 58, 1244–1247.
Staphylakis, K., and Gegiou, D. (1985) Free, Esterified and Glucosidic Sterols in Cocoa Butter, Lipids 20, 723–728.
Kim, H.K., Farnsworth, N.R., Fong, H.H.S., Blomster, R.N., and Persinos, G.J. (1970) Biological and Phytochemical Evaluation of Plants. VII. Isolation and Identification of a Tumor Inhibitor from Wallenia yunquensis as Myrsine-Saponin, J. Nat. Prod. 33, 30–35.
Palmer, M.A., and Bowden, B.N. (1975) The Pentacyclic Triterpene Esters and the Free, Esterified and Glycosylated Sterols of Sorghum vulgare Grain, Phytochemistry 14, 1813–1815.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Casabuono, A.C., Pomilio, A.B. Linear, steroidal, and triterpene esters, and steryl glycosides from Festuca argentina . Lipids 32, 205–210 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0026-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0026-z