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Hypolipidemic Effects of Phospholipids (PL) Containing n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Are Not Dependent on Esterification of n-3 PUFA to PL

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Lipids

Abstract

Phospholipids (PL) containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have beneficial effects of maintaining and promoting health compared with triacylglycerols (TAG) containing n-3 PUFA or general PL. This study evaluated the effects of dietary PL containing n-3 PUFA and elucidated the effects of the glycerophosphate structure and n-3 PUFA on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in rats. Rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone, TAG containing n-3 PUFA (1.8 %), soybean PL (2.7 %), PL containing n-3 PUFA (2.7 %), or TAG containing n-3 PUFA (1.8 %) + soybean PL (2.7 %). The present n-3 PUFA-supplemented diets had similar FA compositions, and the PL diets had similar PL compositions. TAG containing n-3 PUFA reduced serum TAG contents, but did not affect serum cholesterol contents compared with soybean oil alone. PL diets containing n-3 PUFA and the combination of TAG containing n-3 PUFA and soybean PL resulted in decreased serum and liver TAG contents compared with the diet containing soybean oil alone, reflecting enhanced liver FA β-oxidation. The results of this study show that TAG containing n-3 PUFA with added soybean PL affects serum and liver TAG and cholesterol contents to a similar degree as PL containing n-3 PUFA. TAG containing n-3 PUFA and soybean PL are widely used as functional food ingredients and pharmaceutical constituents and are inexpensive compared with PL containing n-3 PUFA. Therefore, the combination of TAG containing n-3 PUFA and soybean PL has potential as a useful and inexpensive component of functional foods.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

ACOX:

Acyl-CoA oxidase

AIN:

American Institute of Nutrition

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

Apo:

Apolipoprotein

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

CPT:

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3)

FA:

Fatty acid(s)

FAS:

Fatty acid synthase

G6PDH:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GC:

Gas chromatograph

HDL:

High-density-lipoprotein

HTGL:

Hepatic triglyceride lipase

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LXR:

Liver X receptor

ME:

Malic enzyme

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid(s)

PL:

Phospholipids

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

SCD:

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase

SEM:

Standard error of the mean

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid(s)

SREBP:

Sterol regulatory element binding protein

TAG:

Triacylglycerol(s)

WAT:

White adipose tissue

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Hiroe Shimizu, Hiromitsu Imaike, and Ryosuke Inayoshi of Kansai University for their help with animal care and lipid analyses. We thank Enago (www.enago.jp) for the English language review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan

    Kenji Fukunaga, Ryota Hosomi, Midori Fukao, Kazumasa Miyauchi & Munehiro Yoshida

  2. Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan

    Seiji Kanda & Toshimasa Nishiyama

Authors
  1. Kenji Fukunaga
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  2. Ryota Hosomi
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  3. Midori Fukao
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  4. Kazumasa Miyauchi
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  6. Toshimasa Nishiyama
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  7. Munehiro Yoshida
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Correspondence to Ryota Hosomi.

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Fukunaga, K., Hosomi, R., Fukao, M. et al. Hypolipidemic Effects of Phospholipids (PL) Containing n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Are Not Dependent on Esterification of n-3 PUFA to PL. Lipids 51, 279–289 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4118-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4118-0

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