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Plant Cytosolic Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins

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Lipids

Abstract

A gene family encoding six members of acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBP) exists in Arabidopsis and they are designated as AtACBP1–AtACBP6. They have been observed to play pivotal roles in plant lipid metabolism, consistent to the abilities of recombinant AtACBP in binding different medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters in vitro. While AtACBP1 and AtACBP2 are membrane-associated proteins with ankyrin repeats and AtACBP3 contains a signaling peptide for targeting to the apoplast, AtACBP4, AtACBP5 and AtACBP6 represent the cytosolic forms in the AtACBP family. They were verified to be subcellularly localized in the cytosol using diverse experimental methods, including cell fractionation followed by western blot analysis, immunoelectron microscopy and confocal laser-scanning microscopy using autofluorescence-tagged fusions. AtACBP4 (73.2 kDa) and AtACBP5 (70.1 kDa) are the largest, while AtACBP6 (10.4 kDa) is the smallest. Their binding affinities to oleoyl-CoA esters suggested that they can potentially transfer oleoyl-CoA esters from the plastids to the endoplasmic reticulum, facilitating the subsequent biosynthesis of non-plastidial membrane lipids in Arabidopsis. Recent studies on ACBP, extended from a dicot (Arabidopsis) to a monocot, revealed that six ACBP are also encoded in rice (Oryza sativa). Interestingly, three small rice ACBP (OsACBP1, OsACBP2 and OsACBP3) are present in the cytosol in comparison to one (AtACBP6) in Arabidopsis. In this review, the combinatory and distinct roles of the cytosolic AtACBP are discussed, including their functions in pollen and seed development, light-dependent regulation and substrate affinities to acyl-CoA esters.

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Abbreviations

ABCG26:

ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER G26

ACBP:

Acyl-CoA-binding proteins

ACP:

Acyl carrier protein

ACS5:

ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE5

AtEBP:

Arabidopsis ethylene-responsive element binding protein

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

DGAT:

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase

DGDG:

Digalactosyldiacylglycerol

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FA:

Fatty acid(s)

FAD7:

FATTY ACID DESATURASE7

GPAT:

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase

ITC:

Isothermal titration calorimetry

LPCAT:

Lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase

LTP:

Lipid transfer proteins

MGDG:

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PI:

Phosphatidylinositol

PM:

Plasma membrane

TAG:

Triacylglycerol(s)

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Wilson and Amelia Wong Endowment Fund, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (HKU765813M), University Grants Committee (AoE/M-05/12 and CUHK2/CRF/11G) and the University of Hong Kong (HKU) [CRCG awards 104003169 and 104003561]. ZWY was supported by an HKU University Postgraduate Fellowship.

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  1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

    Zi-Wei Ye & Mee-Len Chye

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  1. Zi-Wei Ye
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Correspondence to Mee-Len Chye.

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Ye, ZW., Chye, ML. Plant Cytosolic Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins. Lipids 51, 1–13 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-015-4103-z

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