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Lipid Adaptation of Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata in Hydrothermal Vent

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Lipids

Abstract

The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata is the most abundant species in hydrothermal vents. Lipids, the component of membranes, play an important role in maintaining their function normally in such extreme environments. In order to understand the lipid adaptation of R. exoculata (HV shrimp) to hydrothermal vents, we compared its lipid profile with the coastal shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (EZ shrimp) which lives in the euphotic zone, using ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, the following lipid adaptation can be observed. (1) The proportion of 16:1 and 18:1, and non-methylene interrupted fatty acid (48.9 and 6.2 %) in HV shrimp was higher than that in EZ shrimp (12.7 and 0 %). While highly-unsaturated fatty acids were only present in the EZ shrimp. (2) Ceramide and sphingomyelin in the HV shrimp were enriched in d14:1 long chain base (96.5 and 100 %) and unsaturated fatty acids (67.1 and 57.7 %). While in the EZ shrimp, ceramide and sphingomyelin had the tendency to contain d16:1 long chain base (68.7 and 75 %) and saturated fatty acids (100 and 100 %). (3) Triacylglycerol content (1.998 ± 0.005 nmol/mg) in the HV shrimp was higher than that in the EZ shrimp (0.092 ± 0.005 nmol/mg). (4) Phosphatidylinositol and diacylglycerol containing highly-unsaturated fatty acids were absent from the HV shrimp. (5) Lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine were rarely detected in the HV shrimp. A possible reason for such differences was the result of food resources and inhabiting environments. Therefore, these lipid classes mentioned above may be the biomarkers to compare the organisms from different environments, which will be benefit for the further exploitation of the hydrothermal environment.

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Abbreviations

ARA:

Arachidonic acid

Cer:

Ceramide

CerPCho:

Sphingomyelin

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

DHA:

Docosahexenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

EZ shrimp:

Euphotic zone shrimp

FA:

Fatty acid

HUFA:

Highly-unsaturated fatty acid

HV shrimp:

Hydrothermal vent shrimp

LCB:

Long chain base

LysoPtdCho:

Lysophosphatidylcholine

LysoPtdEtn:

Lysophosphatidylethanolamine

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

NMI FA:

Non-methylene interrupted fatty acid

PtdCho:

Phosphatidylcholine

PtdEtn:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PtdIns:

Phosphatidylinositol

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

UFA:

Unsaturated fatty acid

UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China (973 Program) (No. 2015CB755902), and Foundation of China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (No. DY125-11-E-03).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China

    Si Zhu, Mengwei Ye, Xiaojun Yan & Jilin Xu

  2. School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China

    Si Zhu, Mengwei Ye, Xiaojun Yan & Jilin Xu

  3. The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, 310012, China

    Yadong Zhou & Chunsheng Wang

  4. Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, SOA, Hangzhou, 310012, China

    Yadong Zhou & Chunsheng Wang

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  1. Si Zhu
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  3. Xiaojun Yan
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Correspondence to Xiaojun Yan or Jilin Xu.

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Zhu, S., Ye, M., Yan, X. et al. Lipid Adaptation of Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata in Hydrothermal Vent. Lipids 50, 1233–1242 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-015-4081-1

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