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A High Linoleic Acid Diet does not Induce Inflammation in Mouse Liver or Adipose Tissue

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Lipids

Abstract

Recently, the pro-inflammatory effects of linoleic acid (LNA) have been re-examined. It is now becoming clear that relatively few studies have adequately assessed the effects of LNA, independent of obesity. The purpose of this work was to compare the effects of several fat-enriched but non-obesigenic diets on inflammation to provide a more accurate assessment of LNA’s ability to induce inflammation. Specifically, 8-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice were fed either saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), LNA, or alpha-linolenic acid enriched diets (50 % Kcal from fat, 22 % wt/wt) for 4 weeks. Chow and high-fat, hyper-caloric diets were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant markers from epididymal fat, liver, and plasma were measured along with food intake and body weights. Mice fed the high SFA, MUFA, and high-fat diets exhibited increased pro-inflammatory markers in liver and adipose tissue; however, mice fed LNA for four weeks did not display significant changes in pro-inflammatory or pro-coagulant markers in epididymal fat, liver, or plasma. The present study demonstrates that LNA alone is insufficient to induce inflammation. Instead, it is more likely that hyper-caloric diets are responsible for diet-induced inflammation possibly due to adipose tissue remodeling.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

Alpha-linolenic acid

ARA:

Arachidonic acid

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CHD:

Coronary heart disease

HF:

High-fat hyper-caloric

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

LT:

Leukotrienes

LNA:

Linoleic acid

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

16:0:

Palmitic acid

PG:

Prostaglandins

POL2:

RNA polymerase II

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid

TX:

Thromboxanes

TF:

Tissue factor

TC:

Total cholesterol

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Acknowledgments

All authors declare no conflict of interests. Funding was provided by Cotton Incorporated (14-429) to CMP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41270, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    Roger A. Vaughan, Richard L. Garrison, Alexis D. Stamatikos & Minsung Kang

  2. Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, 833 Montlieu Ave, High Point, NC, 27262, USA

    Roger A. Vaughan

  3. Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Jamie A. Cooper & Chad M. Paton

  4. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Chad M. Paton

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  1. Roger A. Vaughan
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Correspondence to Chad M. Paton.

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Vaughan, R.A., Garrison, R.L., Stamatikos, A.D. et al. A High Linoleic Acid Diet does not Induce Inflammation in Mouse Liver or Adipose Tissue. Lipids 50, 1115–1122 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-015-4072-2

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