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Impact of a Standard Rodent Chow Diet on Tissue n-6 Fatty Acids, Δ9-Desaturation Index, and Plasmalogen Mass in Rats Fed for One Year

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

Although many studies focus on senescence mechanisms, few habitually consider age as a biological parameter. Considering the effect of interactions between food and age on metabolism, here we depict the lipid framework of 12 tissues isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats fed standard rodent chow over 1 year, an age below which animals are commonly studied. The aim is to define relevant markers of lipid metabolism influenced by age in performing a fatty acid (FA) and dimethylacetal profile from total lipids. First, our results confirm impregnation of adipose and muscular tissues with medium-chain FA derived from maternal milk during early infancy. Secondly, when animals were switched to standard croquettes, tissues were remarkably enriched in n-6 FA and especially 18:2n-6. This impregnation over time was coupled with a decrease of the desaturation index and correlated with lower activities of hepatic Δ5- and Δ6-desaturases. In parallel, we emphasize the singular status of testis, where 22:5n-6, 24:4n-6, and 24:5n-6 were exceptionally accumulated with growth. Thirdly, 18:1n-7, usually found as a discrete FA, greatly accrued over the course of time, mostly in liver and coupled with Δ9-desaturase expression. Fourthly, skeletal muscle was characterized by a surprising enrichment of 22:6n-3 in adults, which tended to decline in older rats. Finally, plasmalogen-derived dimethylacetals were specifically abundant in brain, erythrocytes, lung, and heart. Most notably, a shift in the fatty aldehyde moiety was observed, especially in brain and erythrocytes, implying that red blood cell analysis could be a good indicator of brain plasmalogens.

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Abbreviations

FA:

Fatty acid

8d:

8 days old

3w:

3 weeks old

4m:

4 months old

1y:

1 year old

RBC:

Red blood cells

WAT:

White adipose tissue

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

MD:

Methylated derivative

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

DMA:

Dimethylacetal

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

MCFA:

Medium-chain fatty acid

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

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Acknowledgments

This study was performed thanks to technical support and animal care by Françoise Boissel.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, USC INRA 1378, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France

    F. Pédrono, N. Boulier-Monthéan, D. Catheline & P. Legrand

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  1. F. Pédrono
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  2. N. Boulier-Monthéan
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  3. D. Catheline
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  4. P. Legrand
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Correspondence to F. Pédrono.

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Electronic supplementary material

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11745_2015_4068_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplemental Fig. 1 FA concentration in tissues as a function of age. Lipids were extracted from tissues of rats according to the Folch method. After saponification, FA were methylated and analyzed by GC–MS. FA content was determined using 17:0 as internal standard. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. (PDF 9 kb)

11745_2015_4068_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Supplemental Fig. 2 DMA/FAME pattern in brain and RBC as a function of age. The ratio between plasmalogen-derived dimethylacetals and fatty acid methyl esters was determined for brain and RBC according to chain length (18:0, 18:1n-9, and 18:1n-7). Results were calculated from mole % of total methylated derivatives and are expressed as mean ± SD. (PDF 10 kb)

11745_2015_4068_MOESM3_ESM.docx

Supplemental Table 1 FA composition of liver and heart. Lipids were extracted with the Folch method and saponified. FA were methylated in FAME and analyzed by GC–MS. Results are expressed in mole % of total FA as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences between ages at p < 0.05. (DOCX 947 kb)

11745_2015_4068_MOESM4_ESM.docx

Supplemental Table 2 FA composition of white and brown adipose tissues. Lipids were extracted with the Folch method and saponified. FA were methylated in FAME and analyzed by GC–MS. Results are expressed in mole % of total FA as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences between ages at p < 0.05. (DOCX 948 kb)

11745_2015_4068_MOESM5_ESM.docx

Supplemental Table 3 FA composition of brain and retina. Lipids were extracted with the Folch method and saponified. FA were methylated in FAME and analyzed by GC–MS. Results are expressed in mole % of total FA as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences between ages at p < 0.05. (DOCX 947 kb)

11745_2015_4068_MOESM6_ESM.docx

Supplemental Table 4 FA composition of kidney and lung. Lipids were extracted with the Folch method and saponified. FA were methylated in FAME and analyzed by GC–MS. Results are expressed in mole % of total FA as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences between ages at p < 0.05. (DOCX 947 kb)

11745_2015_4068_MOESM7_ESM.docx

Supplemental Table 5 FA composition of skeletal muscle and testis. Lipids were extracted with the Folch method and saponified. FA were methylated in FAME and analyzed by GC–MS. Results are expressed in mole % of total FA as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences between ages at p < 0.05. (DOCX 948 kb)

11745_2015_4068_MOESM8_ESM.docx

Supplemental Table 6 FA composition of plasma and red blood cells. Lipids were extracted with the Folch method and saponified. FA were methylated in FAME and analyzed by GC–MS. Results are expressed in mole % of total FA as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences between ages at p < 0.05. (DOCX 947 kb)

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Pédrono, F., Boulier-Monthéan, N., Catheline, D. et al. Impact of a Standard Rodent Chow Diet on Tissue n-6 Fatty Acids, Δ9-Desaturation Index, and Plasmalogen Mass in Rats Fed for One Year. Lipids 50, 1069–1082 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-015-4068-y

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