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Hydrolysis Products Generated by Lipoprotein Lipase and Endothelial Lipase Differentially Impact THP-1 Macrophage Cell Signalling Pathways

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Lipids

Abstract

Macrophages express lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL) within atherosclerotic plaques; however, little is known about how lipoprotein hydrolysis products generated by these lipases might affect macrophage cell signalling pathways. We hypothesized that hydrolysis products affect macrophage cell signalling pathways associated with atherosclerosis. To test our hypothesis, we incubated differentiated THP-1 macrophages with products from total lipoprotein hydrolysis by recombinant LPL or EL. Using antibody arrays, we found that the phosphorylation of six receptor tyrosine kinases and three signalling nodes—most associated with atherosclerotic processes—was increased by LPL derived hydrolysis products. EL derived hydrolysis products only increased the phosphorylation of tropomyosin-related kinase A, which is also implicated in playing a role in atherosclerosis. Using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, we identified the species of triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines that were hydrolyzed by LPL and EL, and we identified the fatty acids liberated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To determine if the total liberated fatty acids influenced signalling pathways, we incubated differentiated THP-1 macrophages with a mixture of the fatty acids that matched the concentrations of liberated fatty acids from total lipoproteins by LPL, and we subjected cell lysates to antibody array analyses. The analyses showed that only the phosphorylation of Akt was significantly increased in response to fatty acid treatment. Overall, our study shows that macrophages display potentially pro-atherogenic signalling responses following acute treatments with LPL and EL lipoprotein hydrolysis products.

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Abbreviations

A/A:

Antibiotic/antimycotic

ALK:

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

Apo:

Apolipoprotein

EL:

Endothelial lipase

ESI–MS:

Electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry

FAF-BSA:

Fatty acid free bovine serum albumin

FFA:

Free fatty acid(s)

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

M-CSFR:

Macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PDGF:

Platelet derived growth factor

PDGFR:

Platelet derived growth factor receptor

PIP3:

Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate

PL:

Phospholipid(s)

PMA:

Phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate

PtdCho:

Phosphatidylcholine

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

Stat1:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 1

TAG:

Triacylglycerol(s)

THL:

Tetrahydrolipstatin

Trk:

Tropomyosin-related kinase

VEGFR2:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by an IgniteR&D grant from the Research & Development Corporation of Newfoundland and Labrador (R.J.B.), a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (R.J.B.), plus National Institutes of Health Grants HL-074214 and HL-111906 (D.A.F.). We are grateful to Dr. Daniel J. Rader (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA) for the lipase expression vectors used in our study. We also wish to thank Ms. Rachel Hickey (Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA) for her technical assistance, Ms. Catherine Wright (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA) for advice with statistical analyses, and Dr. William Lagor (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA) for his critical review of our manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada

    Yasmin Essaji, Yanbo Yang & Robert J. Brown

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA

    Carolyn J. Albert & David A. Ford

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  1. Yasmin Essaji
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  2. Yanbo Yang
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  3. Carolyn J. Albert
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  4. David A. Ford
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  5. Robert J. Brown
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Correspondence to Robert J. Brown.

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Essaji, Y., Yang, Y., Albert, C.J. et al. Hydrolysis Products Generated by Lipoprotein Lipase and Endothelial Lipase Differentially Impact THP-1 Macrophage Cell Signalling Pathways. Lipids 48, 769–778 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-013-3810-6

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