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Three Dissimilar High Fat Diets Differentially Regulate Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obesity-Resistant Slc:Wistar/ST Rats

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Lipids

Abstract

Epidemiologic and ecologic studies suggest that dietary fat plays an important role in the development of obesity. Certain Wistar rat strains do not become obese when fed high-fat diets unlike others. In a preliminary study, we confirmed that Slc:Wistar/ST rats did not become obese when fed high-fat diets. The mechanisms governing the response of hepatic lipid-metabolizing enzymes to large quantities of dietary lipids consumed by obesity-resistant animals are unknown. The aim of the present study is to examine how obesity-resistant animals metabolize various types of high-fat diets and why they do not become obese. For this purpose, male Slc:Wistar/ST rats were fed a control low-fat diet (LS) or a high-fat diet containing fish oil (HF), soybean oil (HS), or lard (HL) for 4 weeks. We observed their phenotypes and determined lipid profiles in plasma and liver as well as mRNA expression levels in liver of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism using DNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain analyses. The body weights of all dietary groups were similar due to isocaloric intakes, whereas the weight of white adipose tissues in the LS group was significantly lower. The HF diet lowered plasma lipid levels by accelerated lipolysis in the peroxisomes and suppressed levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion. The HS diet promoted hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressed lipolysis in the peroxisomes and normal levels of VLDL secretion. The lipid profiles of rats fed the LS or HL diet were similar. The HL diet accelerated lipid and glucose metabolism.

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Abbreviations

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3)

LNA:

Linoleic acid (18:2n-6)

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid(s)

NEFA:

Non-esterified fatty acid

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

SDS-PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid(s)

TAG:

Triacylglycerol(s)

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (070025). We thank Dr. Taeko Murakami and Dr. Haruo Nakagaki, Aichi-Gakuin University, for statistical analyses, and Mikie Sato and Dr. Fuminobu Yoshimura, Aichi-Gakuin University, for analyses using a TOF–MS/MS method. We are also grateful to Yui Imai and Eri Yamada, Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, for experimental assistance and animal care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan

    Yoko Hashimoto

  2. Open Research Center, Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Japan

    Kazuyo Yamada, Hiromi Tsushima, Daisuke Miyazawa, Naoki Ohara & Harumi Okuyama

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan

    Mayumi Mori

  4. Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagyoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan

    Koji Nishio

  5. NOF Corporation, Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan

    Takeshi Ohkubo & Hidehiko Hibino

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  1. Yoko Hashimoto
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  2. Kazuyo Yamada
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  3. Hiromi Tsushima
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  10. Harumi Okuyama
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Correspondence to Yoko Hashimoto.

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Hashimoto, Y., Yamada, K., Tsushima, H. et al. Three Dissimilar High Fat Diets Differentially Regulate Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obesity-Resistant Slc:Wistar/ST Rats. Lipids 48, 803–815 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-013-3805-3

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