Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seasonal Variations of Lipid Content and Composition in Perna viridis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

The total lipid content, composition of main lipid classes, composition of sterols and composition of fatty acids in the main glycerolipids of Perna viridis were analyzed through four seasons using TLC-FID and GLC. Mussel samples were collected during different seasons between 2003 and 2004 from Shengsi Island, Zhejiang Province, China and stored frozen prior to freeze-drying and lipid extraction. Ten grams of dried mussel powder of each season were analyzed. Total lipid content ranged from 14.5 g/100 g in spring month to 7.8 g/100 g dried mussel powder in autumn month. The predominant lipid in spring month was triacylglycerol (TAG), however, in the other three seasons the phospholipids (PL) was the main lipid class. The most abundant fatty acid in TAG, PL and phosphatidylcholine (PC) was 16:0, with the summer samples having the highest proportion (24–30% of total fatty acid) and winter the lowest (14–22%). In phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), the spring samples had the highest proportions of 16:0. The predominant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 in TAG, PL, PE and PC (25–40%). The proportions of 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 were higher in spring than in other seasons in PL and PE. There were nine sterols identified, with cholesterol being the predominant sterol, and other main ones were desmostersol/brassicasterol and 24-methylenecholesterol. Proportions of other fatty acids in different lipid fractions and the sterol compositions as well also varied seasonally. There were subject to the seasonal variations. Differences in lipid content and composition, fatty acid composition in different lipid fractions may be caused by multiple factors such as lifecycle, sex, variation of plankton in different seasons and temperature, which could influence physiological activities and metabolism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

PL:

Phospholipids

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

SE:

Sterol ester

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

NZGLM:

New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus)

TBM:

Tasmanian Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis)

TMSi:

Trimethylsilyl

BSTFA:

N, O-bis-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide

FFA:

Free fatty acid

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid

References

  1. Qing N, Lin YG, Zhen Q (1999) Compositions of fatty acids in 3 species of maricultured bivalves. Trop Oceanol 18:79–82

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lin H, Jiang J, Xue CH, Zhang B, Xu JC (2003) Seasonal changes in phospholipids of mussel (Mytilus edulis Linne). J Sci Food Agric 83:133–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Murphy K, Mooney BD, Nichols PD, Sinclair AJ (2002) Lipid, fatty acid and sterol composition of New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel (Perna Canaliaculus) and Tasmanian Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis). Lipids 37:587–595

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Murphy KJ, Mann NJ, Sinclair AJ (2003) Fatty acid and sterol composition of frozen and freeze-dried New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus) from three sites in New Zealand. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 12:50–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Agren J, Muje P, Hanninen O, Herranen J, Penttila I (1987) Seasonal variations of lipid fatty acids of boreal freshwater fish species. Comp Biochem Physiol B 88:905–909

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Yanar Y, Çelik M (2005) Note: seasonal variations of fatty acid composition in wild marine shrimps (Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844 and Metapenaeus monoceros Fabricus, 1789) from the Eastern. Food Sci Tech Int 11:391–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Özyurt G, Polat A, Özkütük S (2005) Seasonal changes in the fatty acids of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) captured in Iskenderun Bay, eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Eur Food Res Technol 220:120–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bandarra NM, Batista I, Nunes ML, Empis JM (2001) Seasonal variation in the chemical composition of horse-mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). Eur Food Res Technol 212:535–539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for the insolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226:497–509

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Li D, Zhang YH (2003) Application of IATROSCAN TLC-FID Analyzer on analysis of lipids in crab with seasonal variation. J Chin Inst Food Sci Tech S227–S231

  11. Li D, Ng A, Mann NJ, Sinclair AJ (1998) Contribution of meat fat to dietary arachidonic acid. Lipids 33:437–440

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pieters H, Klutymans JH, Zandee DI, Cadee GC (1980) Tissue composition and reproduction of Mytilus edulis dependent upon food availability. Neth J Sea Res 14:349–361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pazos AJ, Sánchez JL, Román G, Pérez-Parallé ML, Abad M (2003) Seasonal changes in lipid classes and fatty acid composition in the digestive gland of Pecten maximus. Comp Biochem Physiol 134B:367–380

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Su XQ, Antonas KN, Li D (2004) Comparison of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of wild and cultured Australian abalone. Int J Food Sci Nutr 55:149–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pieters H, Klutymans JH, Zurburg W, Zandee DI (1979) The influence of seasonal changes on energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis (L.). 1. Growth rate and biochemical composition in relation to environmental parameters and spawning. In: Naylor E, Hartnoll RG (eds) Cyclic phenomena in marine plants and animals. Pergamon Press, Oxford pp 285–292

    Google Scholar 

  16. McLean CH, Bulling KR (2005) Differences in lipid profile of New Zealand marine species over four seasons. J Food Lipids 12:313–326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shirai N, Suzuki H, Toukairin S, Wada S (2001) Spawning and season affect lipid content and fatty acid composition of ovary and liver in Japanese catfish (Silurus asotus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 129:185–195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Labarta U, Fernandez-Reiriz MJ, Perez-Camacho A (1999) Dynamics of fatty acids in the larval development, metamorphosis and post-metamorphosis of Ostrea edulis (L). Comp Biochem Physiol 123:249–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Su XQ, Antonas KN, Li D (2002) Comparison of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total lipid content of spawning and nonspawning Australian blacklip abalone. Asia Pac J Clin 11:S308

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hazel JR, Williams EE (1990) The role of alterations in membrane lipid composition in enabling physiological adaptation of organisms to their physical environment. Prog Lipid Res 29:167–227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Piretti MV, Zuppa F, Paglinca G, Taioli F (1988) Investigation of the seasonal variations of fatty acid. Constituents in selected tissue of the bivalve mollusc, Scapharca inaequivalvi (Bruguiere). Comp Biochem Physio 89B:183–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chu FLE, Greaves J (1991) Metabolism of palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in adult oysters. Crassostrea virginica Mar Biol 110:229–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ingemansson T, Olsson NU, Kaufmann P (1993) Lipid composition of light and dark muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after thermal acclimation: a multivariate approach. Aquaculture 113:153–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dunstan GA, Olley J, Ratkowsky DA (1999) Major environmental and biological factors influencing the fatty acid composition of seafood from Indo-Pacific to Antarctic waters. Recent Res Devel Lipids Res 3:63–86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sargent JR (1976) The structure, metabolism and function of lipids in marine organisms. In: Malins DC, Sargent JR (eds) Biochemical and biophysical perspectives in marine biology, vol 3, Academic, New York, pp 149–212

  26. Bell MV, Henderson RJ, Sargent JR (1986) The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol 83B:711–719

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Linehan LG, O’Connor TP, Burnell G (1999) Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Food Chem 64:2111–2214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Soudant P, Ryckeghem K Van, Marty Y, Moal J, Samain JF, Sorgeloos P (1999) Comparison of polar lipid class and fatty acid composition between a reproductive cycle in nature and a standard hatchery conditioning of the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol B123:209–222

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gordon DT (1982) Sterols in Mollusks and Crustacea of the Pacific Northwest. AOCS 59:536–545

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310029

    Duo Li & Yonghua Zhang

  2. School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia

    Andrew J. Sinclair

Authors
  1. Duo Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yonghua Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andrew J. Sinclair
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Duo Li.

About this article

Cite this article

Li, D., Zhang, Y. & Sinclair, A.J. Seasonal Variations of Lipid Content and Composition in Perna viridis . Lipids 42, 739–747 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-007-3078-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-007-3078-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation