Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a quantitative FTIR spectroscopy method to measure LDL lipid oxidation products and determine the effect of oxidation on LDL lipid and protein. In vitro LDL oxidation at 37°C for 1 h produced a range of conjugated diene (CD) (0.14–0.26 mM/mg protein) and carbonyl contents (0.9–3.8 μg/g protein) that were used to produce calibration sets. Spectra were collected from the calibration set and partial least squares regression was used to develop calibration models from spectral regions 4000-650, 3750-3000, 1720-1500, and 1180-935 cm−1 to predict CD and carbonyl contents. The optimal models were selected based on their standard error of prediction (SEP), and the selected models were performance-tested with an additional set of LDL spectra. The best models for CD prediction were derived from spectral regions 4000-650 and 1180-935 cm−1 with the lowest SEP of 0.013 and 0.013 mM/mg protein, respectively. The peaks at 1745 (cholesterol and TAG ester C=O stretch), 1710 (carbonyl C-O stretch), and 1621 cm−1 (peptide C=O stretch) positively correlated with LDL oxidation. FTIR and chemometrics revealed protein conformation changes during LDL oxidation and provided a simple technique that has potential for rapidly observing structural changes in human LDL during oxidation and for measuring primary and secondary oxidation products.
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Abbreviations
- ApoB-100:
-
apolipoprotein B-100
- ATR:
-
attenuated total reflection
- CD:
-
conjugated diene
- 2,4-DNPH:
-
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
- PLS:
-
partial least squares
- PRESS:
-
prediction error sum of squares
- SEC:
-
standard error of calibration
- SEP:
-
standard error of prediction
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Lam, H.S., Proctor, A., Nvalala, J. et al. Quantitative determination of low density lipoprotein oxidation by FTIR and chemometric analysis. Lipids 39, 687–692 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-004-1283-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-004-1283-6