Abstract
The aim of the present study was to measure Δ9-, Δ6-, and Δ5-desaturase activities in liver microsomes, as well as phospholipid FA composition of liver and erythrocytes in monkeys fed a control or low-protein diet during the postweaning period. Ten Saimiri sciureus boliviensis (Cebidae) of both sexes were employed; at 12 mon of age they were separated into two groups fed ad libitum on a control or a low-protein diet for 24 mon. Saimiri sciureus had active Δ9, Δ6, and Δ5 liver desaturase enzymes, and these activities were influenced by the diet. A low-protein diet produced a significant reduction in Δ5-desaturation capacity, an increase in Δ9-desaturase activity, and no change in Δ6-desaturase activity (P<0.05). These changes, evoked by protein deprivation, were reflected in the liver phospholipid FA composition. Increases in the proportion of saturated FA and in monounsaturated oleic acid (18∶1n−9) and a decrease in the proportion of PUFA of the n−6 and n−3 series were produced in the animals fed a low-protein diet (P<0.0001). Differences between the two dietary groups were less pronounced in the FA composition of erythrocyte phospholipids.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brenner, R.R. (1989) Factors Influencing Fatty Acid Chain Elongation and Desaturation, in The Role of Fats in Human Nutrition, (Vergrosen, A.J., and Crawford, M., eds.), pp. 45–79, Academic Press, London, England.
Sardesai, V.M. (1992) Biochemical and Nutritional Aspects of Eicosanoids, J. Nutr. Biochem. 3, 562–579.
Ayala, S., Gaspar, G., Brenner, R.R., Peluffo, R.O., and Kunau, W. (1973) Fate of Linoleic, Arachidonic and Docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic Acids in Rat Testicles, J. Lipid Res. 14, 296–305.
Sprecher, H. (1977) Biosynthetic Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 83, 35–50.
Sprecher, H. (1981) Biochemistry of Essential Fatty Acids, Prog. Lipid Res. 20, 13–22.
Brenner, R.R. (1981) Nutritional and Hormonal Factors Influencing Desaturation of Essential Fatty Acids, Prog. Lipid Res. 20, 41–47.
Mercuri, O., De Tomás, M.E., and Itarte, H. (1979) Prenatal Protein Depletion and Δ9, Δ6, and Δ5 Desaturases in the Rat, Lipids 14, 822–825.
De Tomás, M.E., Mercuri, O., and Serres, C. (1983) Effect of Cross-Fostering Rats at Birth on the Normal Supply of Essential Fatty Acids During Protein Deficiency, J. Nutr. 113, 314–319.
Marín, M.C., De Tomás, M.E., Serres, C., and Mercuri, O. (1995) Protein-Energy Malnutrition During Gestation and Lactation in Rats Affects Growth Rate, Brain Development and Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism, J. Nutr. 125, 1017–1024.
Marín, M.C., De Tomás, M.E., Mercuri, O., Fernández, A., and Serres, C. (1991) Interrelationship Between Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in Nursing Infants, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53, 466–468.
Marín, M.C., Rey, G.E., Pedersoli, L.C., Rodrigo, M.A., and Alaniz, M.J.T. de (2000) Dietary Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Visual Response in Malnourished Nursing Infants, Prostaglandins Leukot, Essent. Fatty Acids 63, 385–390.
Tinoco, J. (1982) Dietary Requirements and Functions of α-Linolenic Acid in Animals, Prog. Lipid Res. 21, 1–45.
National Research Council (1985) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Publication no. 85-23 (rev.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Brenner, R.R., and Peluffo, R.O. (1966) Effect of Saturated Fatty Acids on the Desaturation in vitro of Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic Acids, J. Biol. Chem. 241, 5213–5219.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., and Randall, R.J. (1951) Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent, J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265–275.
Garda, H.A., Leikin, A.I., and Brenner, R.R. (1992) Determination of Fatty Acid Desaturase Activities by RP-HPLC, An. Asoc. Quim. Arg. 80, 365–371.
Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane Stanley, G.H. (1957) A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissues, J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497–509.
Hanahan, D.J., Dittmer, J.C., and Warashina, E. (1957) A Column Chromatographic Separation of Classes of Phospholipids, J. Biol. Chem. 228, 685–690.
Morrison, W.R., and Smith, L.M. (1964) Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Dimethylacetals from Lipids with Boron Fluoride-Methanol, J. Lipid Res. 5, 600–608.
Brenner, R.R. (1971) The Desaturation Step in the Animal Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipids 6, 567–575.
Crawford, M.A. (1987) The Requirements of Long Chain n−6 and n−3 Fatty Acids for the Brain, in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids (Land, W.E.M., ed.), pp. 270–295, American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign.
Rivers, J.P.W., Sinclair, A.J., and Crawford, M.A. (1975) Inability of the Cat to Desaturate Essential Fatty Acids, Nature 258, 171–173.
Rivers, J.P.W., Hassam, A.G., Crawford, M.A., and Brambell, M.R. (1976) The Inability of the Lion, Panthera leo L., to Desaturate Linoleic Acid, FEBS Lett. 67, 269–270.
Hassam, A.G., Rivers, J.P.W., and Crawford, M.A. (1977) The Failure of the Cat to Desaturate Linoleic Acid: Its Nutritional Implications, Nutr. Metab. 21, 321–328.
Sinclair, A.J., McLean, J.G., and Monger, E.A. (1979) Metabolism of Linoleic Acid in the Cat, Lipids 14, 932–936.
Pawlosky, R., Barnes, A., Salem, N., Jr. (1994) Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Feline: Relationship Between Liver and Brain Production of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, J. Lipid Res. 35, 2032–2040.
Su, H.M., Corso, T.N., Nathanielsz, P.W., and Brenna, J.T. (1999) Linoleic Acid Kinetics and Conversion to Arachidonic Acid in the Pregnant and Fetal Baboon, J. Lipid Res. 40, 1304–1311.
Kanazawa, A., Hayashi, M., and Fujimoto, K. (1993) Evidence of Docosahexaenoic Acid Synthesis and Predominant Existence of Arachidonic Acid in Livers of Fetal and Neonatal Crab-Eating Monkeys: Comparisons with Adults, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 39, 521–525.
De Tomás, M.E., Mercuri, O., de Serres, C.T., Marín, M.C., and Rodrigo, A. (1994) Efecto de la Administración de Aceite de Maíz Sobre la Composición en Ácidos Grasos de los Fosfolípidos del Plasma de Lactantes Normales y Desnutridos Alimentados con Leche de Vaca, Medicina (Buenos Aires) 54, 385–391.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The authors are members of the Carrera del Investigador del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
About this article
Cite this article
Marín, M.C., Pucciarelli, H.M. & de Alaniz, M.J.T. Liver desaturase activities and FA composition in monkeys. Effect of a low-protein diet. Lipids 38, 525–529 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-003-1094-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-003-1094-9