Abstract
This work aimed to understand the effect of protease immobilization on silica nanoparticles and how such immobilization affects protease performance as catalysis for enhancing the removal of protein soils. Detergent products contain many components that may affect the free enzyme activity and stability. Various factors such as temperature, pH and humidity are know to affect enzyme activity and cleaning efficiency. Therefore, the effect of enzyme immobilization on the removal of protein based soil was investigated on cotton fabrics as the model soil. The effect of temperature and humidity on the stability of free and immobilized enzyme was compared. It was found that the immobilized enzyme increased cleaning efficiency toward protein soil removal on cotton fabrics, whereas the free enzyme imposed a small effect on the enzymatic activity towards the same soil substrates. In addition, the stability of the immobilized enzyme against temperature and humidity was much higher than its corresponding value by free enzyme.
References
Galante YA, Formantici C (2003) Enzyme applications in detergency and in manufacturing industries. Curr Org Chem 7:1399–1422
Eriksson T, Brjesson J, Tjerneld F (2002) Mechanism of surfactant effect in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Enzyme Microb Tech 31:353–364
Ooshima H, Sakata M, Harano Y (1986) Enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by surfactant. Biotechnol Bioeng 28:1727–1734
Jurado E, Bravo V, Luzon G, Fernandez-Serrano M, Garcia-Roman M, Altmajer-Vaz D et al (2007) Hard surface cleaning using lipases: enzyme–surfactant interactions and washing tests. J Surf Deterg 10:61–70
Stoner MR, Dale DA, Gualfetti PJ, Becker T, Manning MC, Carpenter JF et al (2004) Protease autolysis in heavy duty liquid detergent formulations: effects of thermodynamic stabilizers and protease inhibitors. Enzyme Microb Tech 34:114
Eriksen N (1996) Detergents in industrial enzymology, 2nd edn. In: Godfrey T, West S (eds) Stockton Press, New york, Macmillan Press, London, Chap 2.10, pp 189–200
Holland-Nell K, Beck-Sickinger AG (2007) Specifically immobilised aldo/keto reductase AKR1A1 shows a dramatic increase in activity relative to the randomly immobilised enzyme. ChemBioChem 8:1071–1076
Sheldon RA (2007) Enzyme Immobilization: the quest for optimum performance. Adv Synth Catal 349:1289–1307
Vikhoreva GA, Khomyakov KP, Sakharov YUI, Gal’braikh LS (1995) Immobilization of proteolytic enzymes in carboxymethylchitin films and sponges. Fibre Chem 27:337–342
Cao L (2005) Carrier-bound immobilized enzymes: principles, applications and design. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 563
Han Y, Lee SS, Ying JY (2006) Pressure-driven enzyme entrapment in siliceous mesocellular foam. Chem Mater 18:643–649
Bryjak J, Kolarz BN (1998) Immobilisation of trypsin on acrylic copolymers. Process Biochem 33:409–417
Lue YJ, Guo YL, Wang YQ, Liu XH, Wang YS, Guo Y, Zhang ZG, Lu GZ (2008) Immobilized penicillin G acylase on mesoporous silica: the influence of pore size, pore volume and mesophases. Micropor Mesopor Mater 114:507–510
Kumar AG, Swarnalatha S, Kamatchi P, Sekaran G (2009) Immobilization of high catalytic acid protease on functionalized mesoporous activated carbon particles. Biochem Eng J 43:185–190
Jin X, Li JF, Huang PY, Dong XY, Guo LL, Yang L, Cao YC, Wei F, DiZhao Y, Chen H (2010) Immobilized protease on the magnetic nanoparticles used for the hydrolysis of rapeseed meals. J Magn Magn Mater 322:2031–2037
Sadjadi MS, Farhadyar N, Zare K (2009) Improvement of the alkaline protease properties via immobilization on the TiO2 nanoparticles supported by mesoporous MCM-41. Superlattice Microst 46:77–83
Johnson AK, Zawadzka AM, Deobald LA, Crawford RL, Paszczynski AJ (2008) Novel method for immobilization of enzymes to magnetic nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 10:1009–1025
Xianqiao L, Yueping G, Rui S, Huizhou L (2005) Immobilization of lipase on to micron-size magnetic beads. J Chromatogr B 822:91–97
Miyazaki M, Kaneno J, Kohama R, Uehara M, Kanno K, Fujii M, Shimizu H, Maeda H (2004) Preparation of functionalized nanostructures on microchannel surface and their use for enzyme microreactors. Chem Eng J 101:277–284
Takahashi H, Li B, Sasaki T, Miyazaki C, Kajino T, Inagaki S (2001) Immobilized enzymes in ordered mesoporous silica materials and improvement of their stability and catalytic activity in an organic solvent. Micropor Mesopor Mater 44/45:755
Chong ASM, Zhao XS (2004) Functionalized nanoporous silicas for the immobilization of penicillin acylase. Appl Surf Sci 237:398–404
Dong A, Huang P (1992) Redox-dependent changes in beta-extended chain and turn structures of cytochrome c in water solution determined by second derivative amide I infrared spectra. J. Chem 31:182–189
Rabolt JF, Burns FC, Schlotter NE, Swalen JD (1983) Anisotropic orientation in molecular monolayers by infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 78:946–952
Gole A, Thakar G, Sastry M (2003) Protein diffusion into thermally evaporated lipid films: role of protein charge/mass ratio. Colloids Surf B 28:209–214
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Soleimani, M., Khani, A., Dalali, N. et al. Improvement in the Cleaning Performance Towards Protein Soils in Laundry Detergents by Protease Immobilization on the Silica Nanoparticles. J Surfact Deterg 16, 421–426 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-012-1397-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-012-1397-1