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Pain in patients attending outpatient rehabilitation: results of a pilot study

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate pain occurrence, characteristics and correlations in an outpatient rehabilitation setting. This was an observational pilot study. The setting was an outpatient rehabilitation facility. The subjects included all patients attending physiotherapy in the week 25th to 29th September 2010 and the interventions were made using self-administered questionnaire. Ongoing pain was assessed by a yes–no question, pain intensity by a numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging 0–10. Pain-related medication was investigated, along with pain characteristics, patient treatment expectations, life satisfaction, and catastrophism. Of the 201 patients, 12 were excluded and 189 enrolled (age 63.6 ± 15.6; 70.4 % women). Pain (mean NRS = 5.6 ± 2.4) was reported by 60.9 % patients (66 % orthopedic and 40 % neurological). In 87.8 % cases, pain was chronic (>6 months). According to patients reporting pain, the main objectives of treatment were both pain relief and functional recovery for 51 %; pain relief for 24.9 %; functional recovery for 22.8 %. Low treatment expectations were reported by 15.3 % patients; catastrophism by 40.7 %; 28.6 % patients were on pain medication: use of drugs was related to age (p = 0.005), pain intensity (p = 0.009) and catastrophism (p = 0.0003). In a multivariate analysis, pain was independently correlated with an orthopedic versus neurological diagnosis (p = 0.000), and with reduced treatment expectations (p = 0.020), while independent of age (p = 0.74) gender (p = 0.22), and catastrophism (0.17). A high prevalence of pain was observed in outpatients undergoing rehabilitation. Pain was chronic in most cases. Pain relief was the most desired treatment outcome by patients reporting pain. Pain complaint was independently correlated to orthopedic vs neurological diagnosis and to reduced treatment expectations.

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Acknowledgements

Many thanks to all patients and all the researchers at the Don Gnocchi center in Florence who participated in the study. Role of the funding source Ministry of Health.

Conflict of interest

The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s). Institutional funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This work has not been previously presented in any form.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Scientific Institute, Florence, Italy

    Francesca Cecchi, Anita Paperini, Raffaello Molino Lova, Guido Pasquini, Roberta Boni, Chiara Castagnoli, Federica Vannetti, Luca Padua & Claudio Macchi

  2. Università Cattolica di Roma, Rome, Italy

    Luca Padua

  3. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dept. Medical and Surgical Critical Area, Florence, Italy

    Claudio Macchi

  4. Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, IRCCS, V. di Scandicci snc, 50143, Florence, Italy

    Guido Pasquini

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  1. Francesca Cecchi
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  2. Anita Paperini
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  3. Raffaello Molino Lova
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  4. Guido Pasquini
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  5. Roberta Boni
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  6. Chiara Castagnoli
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  7. Federica Vannetti
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  8. Luca Padua
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  9. Claudio Macchi
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Correspondence to Anita Paperini.

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Cecchi, F., Paperini, A., Molino Lova, R. et al. Pain in patients attending outpatient rehabilitation: results of a pilot study. Intern Emerg Med 10, 351–357 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-015-1199-3

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