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Understanding straighthead: a complex physiological disorder of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract

A conventionally perceived rice physiological disorder called straighthead reflects various associated chronic physiological symptoms and its cause of occurrence is still under investigation. In fact, reported paddy cultivation losses estimated worldwide is incredible. Further, rice crops that experience various physiological symptoms can be induced with arsenical substances under artificial conditions and per se related to soil conditions influenced by flooding. Also, the exposure to dimethyl arsenate (DMA) to rice plants has been proved to be lesser in toxicity than inorganic arsenic and has potential to accumulate in higher doses in soils as a result of prolonged use of DMA containing herbicides. Characterization of this physiological disorder is recognized with archetypal sterile florets, distorted palea and lemma symptoms. The panicles often remain empty or bear unfilled grains, while the empty hulls generally are distorted into a crescent or parrot-beak shape, hence named as straighthead. Strategies like drain and dry irrigation are currently taken into consideration to control the episodes of straighthead. Few studies have been attempted to study the impact of this disorder on rice grain yield and quality from different parts of world and thereafter observations secured produces conflicting results. However, resistant cultivars can be produced with efficacy to curtail this disease through the introduction of QTL identification approach for conferring resistance. Thus, this review intended to focus exclusively on the epidemiology, symptomatology, historical background, etiology and control measures so as to compile up all the available literature in a reliable review article structure. Further, research with detailed protocols is recommended to study the cumulative effects of natural and arsenic induced straighthead on rice grain quality/development, its correlation with various agro-ecological factors, impact on host metabolic machinery so as to provide possible control measures to develop better control strategies against this malady.

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  1. Department of Botany, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India

    Rohit Chhabra, Priyanka Goyal, Tavisha Singh & Lavanya Vij

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Chhabra, R., Goyal, P., Singh, T. et al. Understanding straighthead: a complex physiological disorder of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Acta Physiol Plant 43, 135 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03309-y

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