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Allelopathic effects of Koelreuteria integrifoliola leaf aqueous extracts on Lolium perenne related to mesophyll ultrastructural alterations and endogenous hormone contents

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Abstract

Koelreuteria integrifoliola, an important ornamental plant, has interference effect on the turf grass. However, the mechanisms of its allelopathy to plants has not been fully elucidated. Here, the allelopathic effects of leaf aqueous extract of K. integrifoliola on the growth, endogenous hormone contents and ultrastructure of Lolium perenne Lam seedlings were investigated. Leaf aqueous extract of K. integrifoliola at different concentrations (25.00, 50.00 and 100.00 mg mL−1) significantly reduced the growth (in terms of dry weight), chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents of L. perenne. The results also showed the decline in indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) contents, and the increase in abscisic acid (ABA) after extract treatment (50.00 and 100.00 mg mL−1). In addition, the (IAA + GA3)/ABA ratios in root and leaf decreased with the increase of extract concentrations. Upon exposure to extracts (50.00 and 100.00 mg mL−1), L. perenne mesophyll cell showed structural abnormalities, mostly including chloroplast distribution, destruction of chloroplast membrane and thylakoid membrane, increment of plastoglobuli number, dissolution of mitochondrial membrane and disappearance of the internal ridge. Furthermore, the chloroplast number and chloroplast volume in L. perenne mesophyll cell showed a concentration-dependent decline exposed to extracts. Thus, the changes of endogenous hormones contents and their ratios, the ultrastructure changes of mesophyll cells caused by the K. integrifoliola leaf aqueous extracts are partly responsible for allelopathic inhibition of receptor plants.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Science and Technology Plan Project of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province (J13LF03). We also thank Yankui Guo (Shandong Agricultural University) for help in the transmission electron microscopy analyses.

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Correspondence to Haiyun Li.

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Communicated by A. Gniazdowska-Piekarska.

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Zhang, X., Wang, Z. & Li, H. Allelopathic effects of Koelreuteria integrifoliola leaf aqueous extracts on Lolium perenne related to mesophyll ultrastructural alterations and endogenous hormone contents. Acta Physiol Plant 43, 132 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03303-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03303-4

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