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Metabolic analysis reveals temporal changes in C/N metabolites and senescence of flag leaf in wheat during grain filling

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Abstract

Flag leaves have been considered to be the first key organ contributing to higher yields in triticeae crops. Therefore, dynamical changes in physiological metabolisms in flag leaves are important to regulate senescence and provide reserves to the developing grains. In this study, the dynamic changes in contents of metabolites in flag leaves during grain filling of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were analyzed using non-targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiling was conducted at Zadoks 69, Zadoks 75, Zadoks 83 and Zadoks 87 stages. In total, 126 metabolites were annotated over the grain-filling period. Metabolic analysis showed that the annotated metabolites were involved in the carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, regulation of senescence, antioxidant metabolism to resist mainly drought and hot stresses. In the metabolic pathway of carbohydrate metabolism, glucose, gluconic acid and pyruvate changed significantly during grain filling; in the amino acid (AA) metabolism, most AAs annotated showed the highest concentrations at the anthesis or Zadoks 75 stages and then gradually decreased; and α-Linolenic acid metabolism pathway may be involved in the modification of leaf mechanical strength, extension angle and light reception for photosynthesis; generally, the jasmonate content was gradually increased, showing the highest values at the Zadoks 87 stage; whereas the high content of phenols was observed at earlier two stages, followed by a gradually decrease. Based on the analysis on the functions of annotated metabolites, we conclude that these pathways might be of very importance for wheat to construct stress-resistant metabolism, regulate leaf senescence and remobilization of leaf reserves to filling grain.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2017YFD03002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31801282), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020MC087), and the Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology and Industry System (SDAIT-01-06). The authors would thank Shanghai Sensichip Infotech Co. Ltd. for their technological assistance with metabolic analysis.

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  1. Yan Zhang and Wanying Du have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan City, 250100, China

    Yan Zhang, Wanying Du, Yunxiu Zhang, Zongshuai Wang, Huawei Li, Haiyong Xia & Lingan Kong

  2. College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China

    Yan Zhang, Wanying Du, Shoujin Fan & Lingan Kong

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  1. Yan Zhang
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  2. Wanying Du
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Zhang, Y., Du, W., Zhang, Y. et al. Metabolic analysis reveals temporal changes in C/N metabolites and senescence of flag leaf in wheat during grain filling. Acta Physiol Plant 43, 104 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03272-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03272-8

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