Abstract
The lipophilic vitamin E, α-Tocopherol (α-Toc), has been considered as a potent cellular antioxidant naturally occurring in biological membranes. It plays a number of key metabolic roles in plants exposed to various stressful cues. A field experimental was conducted on mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] under varying water-limited regimes and the plants were sprayed with four levels of α-Toc (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L−1) at the vegetative stage of plant growth. The results showed that limited field irrigation regimes (desiccated conditions) caused a marked reduction in growth parameters (shoot and root fresh and dry weights; shoot and root lengths), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b), total soluble proteins (TSP) and yield attributes (number of pods, seeds per plant, weight of ripened pods and 100-seeds weight), while, in contrast, water deficiency induced an increase in phenolics, proline, glycine betaine (GB), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), reducing and non-reducing sugars, total free amino acids, endogenous tocopherol levels, and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). However, the foliar spray of α-Toc significantly improved shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths, chlorophyll a and b contents, phenolics, proline, GB, reducing and non-reducing sugars, TSP, total free amino acids, endogenous tocopherol level, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), as well as yield parameters. On the other hand, it significantly decreased the MDA and H2O2 levels. Of all varying levels of α-Toc used, 100 mg L−1 was most effective in causing enhanced accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA), MDA, and cellular tocopherols particularly in cv. Cyclone 7008, while proline and catalase in cv. Cyclone 8009. Of both cultivars, Cyclone 7008 was superior to the other cultivar in proline, TSP, SOD, and POD enzymes, but cv. Cyclone 8009 being superior in shoot fresh weights, root fresh weight, shoot and root lengths, chlorophyll a and b, phenolics, H2O2, AsA, MDA, CAT, number of pods, seeds, weight of ripened pods, and weight of 100 seeds under dry land conditions. Overall, exogenously applied tocopherol improved yield and myriad of key physio-biochemical attribute in mungbean.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdallah MM, Abdel-Monem AA, Hassanein RA, El-Bassiouny HMS (2013) Response of sunflower plant to the application of certain vitamins and Arbuscular mycorrhiza under different water regimes. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 7:915–932
Al-Hassan M, Fuertes MM, Sánchez FJR, Vicente O, Boscaiu M (2015) Effects of salt and water stress on plant growth and on accumulation of osmolytes and antioxidant compounds in cherry tomato. Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj Napoca 43(1):1–11
Ali Q, Ashraf M, Anwar F, Al-Qurainy F (2012) Trehalose-induced changes in seed oil composition and antioxidant potential of maize grown under drought stress. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89:1485–1493
Anjum SA, Ashraf U, Tanveer M, Khan I, Hussain S, Shahzad B, Zohaib A, Abbas F, Saleem MF, Ali I, Wang LC (2017) Drought induced changes in growth, osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant metabolism of three maize hybrids. Front Plant Sci 8:1–12
Arabzadeh N (2012) The effect of drought stress on soluble carbohydrates (sugars) in two species of Haloxylon persicum and Haloxylon aphyllum. Asian J Plant Sci 11(1):44–51
Arnon DT (1949) Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplasts polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1–15
Ashraf M (2010) Inducing drought tolerance in plants: recent advances. Biotechnol Adv 28:169–183
Ayad HS, El-Din KG, Reda F (2009) Efficiency of stigmasterol and α-tocopherol application on vegetative growth, essential oil pattern, protein and lipid peroxidation of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.). J Appl Sci Res 5:887–892
Backer H, Frank O, de Angells B, Feingold S (1980) Plasma tocopherol in man at various times after ingesting free or ocetylaned tocopherol. Nutr Rep Int 21:531–536
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Sci 39:205–207
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254
Cakmak I, Horst JH (1991) Effects of aluminium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean (Glycin max). Physiol Plant 83:463–468
Chance B, Maehly AC (1955) Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods Enzymol 2:764–775
Chaves MM, Flexas J, Pinheiro C (2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann Bot 103:551–560
Cunhua S, Wei D, Xiangling C, Xinna X, Yahong Z, Dong S, Jianjie S (2010) The effects of drought stress on the activity of acid phosphatase and its protective enzymes in pigweed leaves. Afr J Biotechnol 9:825–833
El-Aziz A, Nahed G, Kandil MM (2009) Some studies on the effect of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the growth and some chemical composition of Hibiscus rosa-sineses L. at Nubaria. Ozean J Appl Sci 2(2):159–167
El-Bassiouny HM, Sadak MS (2015) Impact of foliar application of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on antioxidant activity and some biochemical aspects of flax cultivars under salinity stress. Acta Biol Colomb 2:209–222
El-Quesni FEM, El-Aziz A, Nahed G, Kandil MM (2009) Some studies on the effect of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the growth and some chemical composition of Hibiscus rosa-sineses L. at Nubaria. Ozean J Appl Sci 2:1943–2429
Faize M, Burgos L, Faize L, Piqueras A, Nicolas E, Barba-Espin G, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Alcobendas R, Artlip T, Hernandez JA (2011) Involvement of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase for improved tolerance against drought stress. J Exp Bot 62(8):2599–2613
Farouk S (2011) Ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol minimize salt-induced wheat leaf senescence. J Stress Physiol Biochem 7:58–79
Foyer CH, Noctor G (2003) Redox sensing and signalling associated with reactive oxygen in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and mitochondria. Physiol Plant 119:355–364
Gong M, Tang M, Chen H, Zhang Q, Feng X (2013) Effects of two Glomus species on the growth and physiological performance of Sophora davidii seedlings under water stress. New Forest 44:399–408
Grieve CM, Grattan SR (1983) Rapid assay for determination of water soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Plant Soil 70:303–307
Hajiboland R (2014) Reactive oxygen species and photosynthesis. In: Ahmad P (ed) Oxidative damage to plants, antioxidant networks and signaling. Springer, New York, pp 1–63
Hamilton PB, Van-Slyke DD (1943) Amino acid determination with ninhydrin. J Biol Chem 150:231–233
Hayat S, Hayat Q, Alyemeni MN, Wani AS, Pichtel J, Ahmad A (2012) Role of proline under changing environments: a review. Plant Signal Behav 7(11):1456–1466
He Y, Gan S (2002) A gene encoding an acylhydrolase is involved in leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14:805–815
Jajic I, Sarna T, Strzalka K (2015) Senescence, stress, and reactive oxygen species. Plants 4(3):393–411
Jie GU, Liu GS, Juan GUO, Zhang J (2008) Effects of vitamin E on the activities of protective enzymes and membrane lipid peroxidation in Leymus chinensis under drought stress. Chem Res Chin Univ 24(1):80–83
Julkenen-Titto R (1985) Phenolic constituents in the leaves of northern willows: methods for the analysis of certain phenolics. J Agric Food Chem 33:213–217
Khayatnezhad M, Gholamin R (2012) The effect of drought stress on leaf chlorophyll content and stress resistance in maize cultivars (Zea mays). Afr J Microbiol Res 6(12):2844–2848
Kostopoulou Z, Therios I, Molassiotis A (2014) Resveratrol and its combination with α-tocopherol mediate salt adaptation in citrus seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 78:1–9
Krasensky J, Jonak C (2012) Drought, salt and temperature stress-induced metabolic rearrangements and regulatory networks. J Exp Bot 63:1593–1608
Krieger-Liszkay A (2005) Singlet oxygen production in photosynthesis. J Exp Bot 56:337–346
Lobna RAE, Taha S, Soad RAE, Ibrahim M (2010) Physiological properties studies on essential oil of Jasminum grandiflorum L. as affected by some vitamins. Ozean J Appl Sci 3(1):87–96
Loomis WE, Shull CA (1937) Methods in plant physiology. In: Mund W, Sinnot (eds) Methods in plant physiology. McGraw–Hill Publication in Botanical Science, New York City, p 290
Mekki BED, Hussien HA, Salem H (2015) Role of glutathione, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in alleviation of drought stress in cotton plants. Int J Chemtech Res 8(4):1573–1581
Mohamed AA, Aly AA (2008) Alterations of some secondary metabolites and enzymes activity by using exogenous antioxidant compound in onion plants grown under seawater salt stress. Am-Euras J Sci Res 3(2):139–146
Mostafa MR, Mervat SS, Safaa REL, Ebtihal MAE, Magdi TA (2015) Exogenous α-tocopherol has a beneficial effect on Glycine max (L.) plants irrigated with diluted sea water. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 90(2):195–202
Mukherjee SP, Choudhuri MA (1983) Implications of water stress-induced changes in the levels of endogenous ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide in Vigna seedlings. Physiol Plant 58(2):166–170
Munne-Bosch S (2005) The role of α-tocopherol in plant stress tolerance. J Plant Physiol 162:743–748
Nair RM, Yang RY, Easdown WJ, Thavarajah D, Thavarajah P, Hughes JDA, Keatinge JDH (2013) Biofortification of mungbean (Vigna radiata) as a whole food to enhance human health. J Sci Food Agric 93(8):1805–1813
Nelson N (1944) Photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. J Biol Chem 153:373–380
Orabi SA, Abdelhamid MT (2014) Protective role of α-tocopherol on two Vicia faba cultivars against seawater-induced lipid peroxidation by enhancing capacity of anti-oxidative system. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 15:1–10
Rady MM, Sadak MSH, El-Bassiouny HMS, Abdel-Monem AA (2011) Alleviation the adverse effects of salinity stress in sunflower cultivars using nicotinamide and α-tocopherol. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 5(10):342–355
Sadak MS, Dawood MG (2014) Role of ascorbic acid and α tocopherol in alleviating salinity stress on flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.). J Stress Physiol Biochem 10(1):93–111
Sadiq M, Akram NA, Ashraf M (2017) Foliar applications of alpha-tocopherol improve composition of fresh pods of Vigna radiata subjected to water deficiency. Turk J Bot 41:1–9
Sairam RK, Srivastava GC (2000) Induction of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity by hydrogen peroxide treatment in tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes. Plant Physiol 43:381–386
Sakr MT, El-Metwally MA (2009) Alleviation of the harmful effects of soil salt stress on growth, yield and endogenous antioxidant content of wheat plant by application of antioxidants. Pak J Biol Sci 12:624–630
Sattler SE, Cheng Z, DellaPenna D (2004) From Arabidopsis to agriculture: engineering improved vitamin E content in soybean. Trends Plant Sci 9:365–367
Semida WM, Taha RS, Abdelhamid MT, Rady MM (2014) Foliar-applied α-tocopherol enhances salt-tolerance in Vicia faba L. plants grown under saline conditions. S Afr J Bot 95:24–31
Shafiq S, Akram NA, Ashraf M (2015) Does exogenously-applied trehalose alter oxidative defense system in the edible part of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under water-deficit conditions? Sci Hortic 185:68–75
Shao HB, Chu LY, Wu G, Zhang JH, Lu ZH, Hu YC (2007) Changes of some anti-oxidative physiological indices under soil water deficits among 10 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes at tillering stage. Coll Surf B54:143–149
Soltani Y, Raza V, Ali AMM, Mehrabani M (2012) Effects of foliar application of α-tocopherol and pyridoxine on vegetative growth, flowering and some biochemical constituents of Calendula officinalis L. plants. Afr J Biotechnol 11:11931–11935
Tardieu F, Parent B, Caldeira CF, Welcker C (2014) Genetic and physiological controls of growth under water deficit. Plant Physiol 164(4):1628–1635
Trchounian A, Petrosyan M, Sahakyan N (2016) Plant cell redox homeostasis and reactive oxygen species. In: Redox state as a central regulator of plant-cell stress responses. Springer, Cham, pp 25–50
Ullah A, Sun H, Yang X, Zhang X (2017) Drought coping strategies in cotton: increased crop per drop. Plant Biotechnol J 15:271–284
Van Rossum F, Vekemans X, Meerts P, Gratia E, Lefe`bvre C (1997) Allozyme variation in relation to ecotypic differentiation and population size in marginal populations of Silene nutans. Heredity 78:552–560
Velikova V, Yordanov I, Edreva A (2000) Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants. Protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci 151:59–66
Verbruggen N, Hermans C (2008) Proline accumulation in plants: a review. Amino Acids 35:753–759
Wang X, Quinn PJ (2000) The location and function of vitamin E in membranes. Mol Memb Biol 17:143–156
Wang X, Cai X, Xu C, Wang Q, Dai S (2016) Drought-responsive mechanisms in plant leaves revealed by proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 17(10):1–30
Weinberger K (2003) Impact analysis of mungbean research in South and Southeast Asia. Asian Veg Res Dev Center Proc 99(9117):5
Xu Y, Xu Q, Huang B (2014) Ascorbic acid mitigation of water stress-inhibition of root growth in association with oxidative defense in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Front Plant Sci 6:1–14
Zhang W, Tian Z, Pan X, Zhao X, Wang F (2013) Oxidative stress and non-enzymatic antioxidants in leaves of three edible canna cultivars under drought stress. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 54:1–8
Acknowledgements
The contents mentioned in this manuscript are a part of research work of Mr. Muhammad Sadiq.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by S. Srivastava.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sadiq, M., Akram, N.A. & Ashraf, M. Impact of exogenously applied tocopherol on some key physio-biochemical and yield attributes in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] under limited irrigation regimes. Acta Physiol Plant 40, 131 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-018-2711-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-018-2711-y