Abstract
Previous studies have shown that spraying calcium on the canopy can significantly reduce the incidence of on-tree oleocellosis (OTO). However, the OTO regulation with calcium spraying has not been reported clearly. Therefore, the physiologic mechanism of spraying Ca(NO3)2 and calmodulin (CaM) inhibitors (trifluoperazine-TFP) on the canopy of 8-year-old Newhall navel orange on Lichi16-6 trifoliata (P. trifoliate) including the ratio (RO) and degree of OTO (DO) have been studied under high summer temperature. The results showed that exogenous Ca(NO3)2 treatment significantly decreased DO value by increase in CaM content of leaves, peroxidase (POD) activity in leaves, and fruit peels. However, TFP treatment significantly decreased CaM content in leaves, SOD and CAT activity in fruit peels, while the POD activity in fruit peels significantly increased, and the formation of Ca(NO3)2-induced DO tolerance in citrus fruits was weakened by TFP treatment. Exogenous Ca(NO3)2 treatment increased stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), and decreased the daily range of rind oil release pressure (△RORP) significantly. However, TFP treatment had no significant influence on transpiration rate (Tr) and △RORP. The results were consistent with the RO of different treatments. These results confirm that Ca2+ and CaM regulate DO value, and the RO of OTO was mainly related to the regulation of △RORP through water metabolism.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Method Enzym 105:121–126
Agustí M, Zaragoza S (2000) Desórdenes fisiológicos. In: Durán-Vila N, Moreno P (eds) Enfermidades de Los Cítricos. Ediciones Mundi-Prensa, Madrid
Alférez F, Zacarias L (2001) Postharvest pitting in navel oranges at nonchilling temperature: influence of relative humidity. Acta Hort 553:307–308
Allen GJ, Chu SP, Schumacher K, Shimazaki CT, Vafeados D, Kemper A, Hawke SD, Tallman G, Tslen RY, Harper JF, Chory J, Schroeder JI (2001) A defined rang of guard cell calcium oscillation parameters encodes stomatal Movements. Nature 411:1053–1057
Almela V, Segura V, Gariglio N, González-Primo D, Juan M, Agustí M (2000) El colapso de la corteza de las naranjas Navel. Phytoma 119:43–52
Beauchamp CO, Fridovich I (1971) Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 44:276–287
Chance B, Maehly AC (1955) Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods Enzymol 2:764–775
Eckert JW, Eaks IL (1989) Postharvest disorders and diseases of citrus fruit. In: Reuther W, Calavan E, Carman CGE (eds) The Citrus Industry. University of California, Berkeley
Fischer IH, Toffano L, Lourenc o SA, Amorim L (2007) Caracterizac¸ ão dos danos pós-colheita em citros procedentes de “packinghouse”. Fitopatol Bras 32:304–310
Knight TG, Klieber A, Sedgley M (2001) The relationship between oil gland and fruit development in Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Ann Bot 88:1039–1047
Li YK (1994) The occurrence and prevention of oleocellosis (oil spotting) of citrus fruit. Jiangxi citrus tech 1:28–29
Liu YP, Huang WD, Zhang JH (2005) Effect of calcium-calmodulin on the thermotolerance induced by salicylic acid in young grape seedlings and associated with antioxidant system. Acta Horti Sin 32(3):381–386
Michael RB (2000) Ca2+ signalling and control of guard-cell volume in stomatal movements. Cur Opin in Plant Biol 3:196–204
Montero CRS, Schwarza LL, Santos LCS, Santos RP, Bendera RJ (2012) Oleocellosis incidence in citrus fruit in response to mechanical injuries. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 134:227–231
Oberbacher MF (1965) A method to predict the post-harvest incidence of oleocellosis on lemons. Proc Fla State Hort Soc 78:237–240
Sanches J, Durigan JF, Durigan MFB (2008) Aplicac¸ ão de danos mecânicos emabacates eseus efeitos na qualidade dos frutos. Eng Agric 28:164–175
Schroeder JI, Allen GJ, Hugouvleux V, Kwak JM, Waner D (2001) Guard cell signal transduction. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:625–658
Sinclair TR, Allen LH Jr (1982) Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of leaves on field-grown citrus trees. J Expt Bet 33:1166–1175
Syvertsen JP (1984) Light acclimation in citrus leaves. II. CO2 assimilation and light, water, and nitrogen use efficiency. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 109:812–817
Wardowski WF, Petracek PD, Grierson W (1998) Oil spotting (olcocellosis) of citrus fruit. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville
Zaragoza Adriaensens S (1975) El manchado de la corteza de los frutos agrios: estudio preliminar de la variedad navelate: manchas pre-recoleccion/Salvador Zaragoza Adriaensens, Eduardo Alonso Cabo.—Madrid: MA. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias p32
Zheng YQ, He SL, Deng L, Yi SL, Mao SS, Niu TX (2009) Effect of Calcium treatment on oleocellosis development and external quality of citrus fruits. J Southwest Univ (Nature science) 31:64–66
Zheng YQ, Deng L, He SL, Zhou ZQ, Yi SL, Zhao XY, Wang L (2010a) Screening for the agronomic traits regulating fruit oleocellosis with the specificity between rootstocks and scions of ‘Hamlin’ Sweet Orange. Scientia Agri Sin 43(23):4877–4885
Zheng YQ, He SL, Yi SL, Zhou ZQ, Mao SS, Deng L (2010b) Characteristics and oleocellosis sensitivity of citrus fruits. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 123:312–317
Zheng YQ, Deng L, He SL, Zhou ZQ, Yi SL, Niu TX, Wang L (2011) Rootstocks influence fruit oleocellosis in ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 128:108–114
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a Grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 31470408), Science and Technology Support Project of CQ (cstc2014fazktjcsf80031) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2016 A012; XDJK2013 A002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by PK Nagar.
Yongqiang Zheng and Xue-mei Jia have contributed equally to this study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zheng, Y., Jia, Xm., Yang, Q. et al. Role of Ca2+ and calmodulin in on-tree oleocellosis tolerance of Newhall navel orange. Acta Physiol Plant 38, 194 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2229-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2229-0