Abstract
Natural rubber (cis-1,4 polyisoprene) is synthesised in the milky cytoplasm, the latex, of specialized cells called laticifers in the bark tissues of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Regeneration mechanism of latex after each tapping (controlled wounding of the bark) was studied in relation to lutoid membrane enzymes and protein synthesis in twelve rubber clones with varying yield potentials during the peak rubber yielding season. High activity of membrane enzymes and better availability of biochemical energy [ATP] were observed in clones viz; RRII 105, RRIM 600, PB 260, RRII 422 and RRII 430. The highest protein biosynthetic capacity was noticed in clone PB 260 and RRIM 600. However, high ATP content, increased invertase activity and protein biosynthesis were observed in the medium yielding clone GT1 compared to clones with low rubber yield potential. Very low sugar content and increased invertase activity in the latex of clone PB 260 indicated intense latex metabolism with high protein turnover that implies fast recouping of the cellular metabolites lost during latex harvesting. Clone PB 217 was characterized by very high sucrose and low ATP concentration and ATPase activity in latex indicating slow metabolism and hence be suitable for inducing latex metabolism using ethylene stimulant. Low rubber yielding clones such as RRII 33 and RRII 38 were consistently recorded a high sucrose content but very low activity of membrane enzymes, reduced ATP concentration and low protein biosynthesis in latex. Among the recently released modern clones (RRII 400 series), latex regeneration capacity was higher in RRII 422 and RRII 430. The significance of lutoid membrane transport and protein synthesis is discussed in relation to general latex metabolism of these rubber clones. The outcome of this study would be helpful to design suitable latex harvesting systems and yield stimulation methods for optimizing latex production in each clone based on metabolic profiling.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abraham PD, Wycherley PR, Pakianathan SW (1968) Stimulation of latex flow in Hevea brasiliensis by 4-amino-3,5,6 trichloropicolinic acid and 2-chloroethane phosphonic acid. J Rubber Res Inst Malay 20:291–305
Amalou Z, Bangratz J, Chrestin H (1992) Ethrel (Ethylene releaser) induced increase in the adenylate pool and transtonoplast pH within Hevea latex cells. Plant Physiol 98:1270–1276
Chao J, Chen Y, Wu S, Tian WM (2015) Comparative transcriptome analysis of latex from rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and PR 107 reveals new cues for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow. BMC Plant Biol 15:104. doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0488-3
Chrestin H, Gidrol X (1986) Contribution of lutoidic tonoplast in regulation of cytosolic pH of latex from Hevea brasiliensis. In: Proceedings of the International Rubber Conference, Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p 66
Chretin H (1982) The proton gradient across the vacuo-lysosomal membrane of lutoids from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis. 1. Further evidence for a proton translocating ATPase on the vacuo-lysosomal membrane of intact lutoids. J Membr Biol 65:174–184
Coupe M, Chrestin H (1989) Physico-chemical and biochemical mechanism of the hormonal (ethylene) stimulation: early biochemical events induced in Hevea latex, by hormonal bark stimulation. In: d’Auzac J, Jacob JL, Chrestin H (eds) Physiology of rubber tree latex. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL, pp 295–319
D’Auzac J, Chretin H, Marin B, Lioret C (1982) A plant vacuolar system: the lutoids from Hevea brasiliensis latex. Physiol Veg 20:311–331
D’Auzac J, Jacob JL, Prevot JC, Clement A, Gallois R, Chrestin H, Lacrotte R, Pujade-Renaud V, Gohet E (1997) The regulation of cis polyisoprene production (Natural Rubber) from Hevea brasiliensis. In: Pandalai SG (ed) Recent research developments in plant physiology, Trivandrum, India, pp 273–332
Dusotoit-Coucaud A, Brunel N, Kongsawadworakul P, Viboonjun U, Lacointe A, Julien JL, Chrestin H, Sakr S (2009) Sucrose importation into laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis in relation to ethylene stimulation of latex production. Ann Bot 104:635–647. doi:10.1093/aob/mcp150
Eschbach JM, Roussel D, Van de Sype H, Jacob JL (1984) Relationship between yield and clonal physiological characteristics of latex from Hevea brasiliensis. Physiol Veg 22:295
Gidrol X, Chrestin H (1984) Lutoidic ATPase functioning in relation to latex pH regulation and stimulation mechanisms. In: Compte-Rendu du Colloque Exploitation- Physiologiae et Amelioration de l’ Hevea. I.R.C.A, Montpellier, pp 81–99
Gidrol X, Chrestin H, Mounoury G, d’Auzac J (1988) Early actvation by ethylene of the tonoplast H+ pumping ATPase in the latex from Hevea brasiliensis. Plant Physiol 59:309–314
Gohet E, Chantuma R, Lacrotte R, Obouayeba S, Dian K, Clement Demange A, Kurnia D, Eschbach JM (2003) Latex clonal typology of Hevea brasiliensis: Physiological modeling of yield potential and clonal response to ethephon stimulation. International workshop on Exploitation Technology, 15–18 December 2003, pp 199–217
Jacob JL, Prevot JC, Lacrotte R, Clement A, Serres E, Genet H (1985) Clonal typology of laticifer functioning in Hevea brasiliensis. Plantations Recherche Developpement 2(5):43–49
Jacob JL, Prevot JC, Roussel D, Lacrotte R, Serres E, d’Auzac J, Eschbach JM, Omont H (1989) Yield-limiting factors, latex physiological parameters, latex diagnosis and clonal typology. In: Jacob JL, Chrestin H, d’Auzac J (eds) Physiology of rubber tree latex. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, pp 345–403
Jacob JL, Prevot JC, Lacrotte R, Gohet E, Clement A, Gallois R, Joet T, Pujade-Renaud V, D’Auzac J (1997) The biological mechanism controlling Hevea brasiliensis rubber yield. IRRDB Symposium on Natural Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) V2: Physiology, Exploitation and Crop Protection and Planting Methods, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 14–15 October, pp 1–11
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with folin ciacalteau reagent. J Biol Chem 200:193–265
Marin B, Martin Lanza M, Komor E (1981) The protonmotive potential difference across the vacuo-lysosomal membrane of Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber tree) and its modification by a membrane bound adenosine tri phosphatase. Biochem J 198:365–372
Mydin KK, Mercykutty VC (2007) High yield and precocity in the RRII 400 series hybrid clones of rubber. Nat Rubb Res 20(1&2):39–49
Mydin KK, Thomas V, Mercykutty VC (2011) Yield and related attributes of certain new generation clones of Hevea brasiliensis under large scale evaluation. J Rubb Res 14(3):167–183
Nair NU, Sreelatha S, Thomas M, Simon SP, Vijayakmar KR (2001) Latex diagnosis for assessment of clonal performance in Hevea. Ind J Nat Rubb Res 14(1):63–65
Nair DB, Jacob J, Nair NR (2012) A simple method for rapid determination of residual water content in rubber cup lumps. J Plant Crops 40(1):35–39
Prevot JC, Jacob JL, Lacrotte R, Vidal A, Serres E, Eschbach JM, Gigault J (1986) Physiological parameters of latex from Hevea brasiliensis. Their use in the study of Laticiferous system. Topology of functioning and production mechanisms, effect of stimulation. In: Proceeding of the IRRDB Rubber Physiology and Exploitation meeting, SCATC, Hainan, pp 136–158
Rajagopal R, Vijayakumar KR, Thomas KU, Karunaichamy K (2004) Effect of judicious ethephon application on yield response of Hevea brasiliensis (clone RRII 105) under ½ S d36d/7 tapping system. J Rubb Res 7(2):138–147
Scott TA, Melvin EH (1953) Determination of dextran with anthrone. Anal Chem 25:1956
Simon SP (2003) Carbohydrate metabolism and ionic balance in the latex production mechanism in Hevea brasiliensis. Ph.D.Thesis, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India, p 187
Siswanto N, Prevot JC, Clement A, Jacob JL (1994) Characterisation of tonoplast pyrophosphatase from Hevea brasiliensis latex. Ind J of Nat Rubb Res 7(1):1–8
Sreelatha S (2003) Biochemical factors influenzing latex flow during stress, tapping frequency and stimulation in Hevea brasiliensis. Ph.D. Thesis, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India, p 203
Sreelatha S, Mydin KK, Simon SP, Jacob J, Krishnakumar R (2009) Biochemical characterization of RRII 400 series clones of Hevea brasiliensis. Nat Rubb Res 22(1&2):36–42
Sreelatha S, Mydin KK, Simon SP, Krishnakumar R, Jacob J, Annamalainathan K (2011) Seasonal variations in yield and associated biochemical changes in RRII 400 series clones of Hevea brasiliensis. Nat Rubb Res 24(1):117–123
Sreelatha S, Jacob J, Mercykutty VC, Simon SP, Krishnakumar R, Annamalainathan K (2014) ATP concentration in latex as an indicator for early evaluation of yield in Hevea brasiliensis. J Plant Crops 42(1):48–53
Sreelatha S, Simon SP, Jacob J (2004) On the possibility of using latex ATP concentration as an indicator of high yield in Hevea. J Rubb Res 7(1):71–78
Tang C, Xiao X, Li H, Fan Y, Yang J, Qi J, Li Huibo (2013) Comparative analysis of latex transcriptome reveals putative molecular mechanisms underlying super productivity of Hevea brasiliensis. PLoS One 8(9):e75307. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075301
Taussky HH, Shorr E (1953) A microcolorimetric method for the determination of inorganic phosphorous. J Biol Chem 202(2):675–685
Tupy J (1973) The regulation of invertase activity in the latex of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. J Exp Bot 24:516–523
Tupy J, Primot L (1976) Control of carbohydrate metabolism by ethylene in latex vessels of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. in relation to rubber production. Biol Plantarum 18:988–994
Vijayakumar KR, Gohet E, Thomas KU, Xiaodi W, Sumarmadji Rodrigo L, Thanh Do Kim, Sopchoke P, Karunaichamy K, Akbar SM (2009) Revised international notation for latex harvest technology. J Rubb Res 12(2):103–115
Zhu J, Zhang Z (2009) Ethylene stimulation of latex production in Hevea brasiliensis. Plant Signal Behav 4(11):1072–1074
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Mr. P. Aneesh, Statistics Division, Rubber Research Institute of India for data analysis and all those who are directly or indirectly involved in the planting and maintaining the field trials.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by S. Renault.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sreelatha, S., Simon, S.P., Mercykutty, V.C. et al. Role of lutoid membrane transport and protein synthesis in the regeneration mechanism of latex in different Hevea clones. Acta Physiol Plant 38, 148 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2161-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2161-3