Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Does temperature regulate light quality effects on Abutilon theophrasti?

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although the separate effects of light quality and temperature on plants have been studied extensively, their interactive effects have received little attention. We studied the combined effects of these two factors on the growth and physiology of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Plants were grown under two temperature regimes (24°/20 °C and 30°/26 °C; 16 h day/8 h night) and three red:far-red (R:FR) light ratios (0.68, low; 1.16, normal; and 4.63, high) in controlled-environment chambers. Temperature significantly affected 3 plant parameters, light quality 17 parameters and the interaction of these two factors only 1 parameter. Plants that were grown under higher temperatures had lower water-use efficiency and chlorophyll a:b ratio, but larger root systems, than those under lower temperatures. Compared to growth at normal R:FR, plants at low R:FR were taller with higher leaf moisture, fewer leaves, reduced total biomass, lower specific leaf mass (SLM) and leaf mass ratio (LMR), lower CO2 assimilation and light-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence, and lower chlorophyll concentration and Chl a:b ratio. Plants at low and high R:FR had lower root dry mass, SLM, LMR and chlorophyll concentration than those at normal R:FR. We found that temperature had little effect on A. theophrasti and did not regulate light quality effects on this species; thus a small degree of global warming will likely have no major effects on this species, which will probably thrive well in the future climate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from $39.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  • Abeles FB, Morgan PW, Saltveit ME Jr (1992) Ethylene in plant biology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballaré CL, Sánchez RA, Scopel AL, Casal JJ, Ghersa CM (1987) Early detection of neighbour plants by phytochrome perception of spectral changes in reflected sunlight. Plant Cell Environ 10:551–557

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballaré CL, Scopel AL, Sánchez RA (1990) Far-red radiation reflected from adjacent leaves: an early signal of competition in plant canopies. Science 247:329–332

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bello IA, Owen MDK, Hatterman-Valenti HM (1995) Effect of shade on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) growth, seed production, and dormancy. Weed Technol 9:452–455

    Google Scholar 

  • Brand MH (1997) Shade influences plant growth, leaf color, and chlorophyll content of Kalmia latifolia L. cultivars. HortSci 32:206–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappelle EW, Kim MS, McMurtrey JE III (1992) Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra (RARS): an algorithm for the remote estimation of the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in soybean leaves. Remote Sens Environ 39:239–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman JS, Bazzaz FA (1992) Effects of CO2 and temperature on growth and resource use of co-occurring C3 and C4 annuals. Ecology 73:1244–1259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crafts-Brandner SJ, Salvucci ME (2000) Rubisco activase constrains the photosynthetic potential of leaves at high temperature and carbon dioxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:13430–13435

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crotser MP, Witt WW, Spomer LA (2003) Neutral density shading and far-red radiation influence black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) growth. Weed Sci 51:208–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Environment Canada (2014) Weather data for Chatham-Kent, Ontario. https://weather.gc.ca/city/pages/on-11_metric_e.html. Accessed 31 July 2014

  • Franklin KA (2008) Shade avoidance. New Phytol 179:930–944

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin KA (2009) Light and temperature signal crosstalk in plant development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 12:63–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin KA, Whitelam GC (2005) Phytochromes and shade-avoidance responses in plants. Ann Bot 96:169–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Futuyma DJ (2013) Evolution, 3rd edn. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • Gliessman SR (2007) Agroecology: the ecology of sustainable food systems, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Gratani L (2014) Plant phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental factors. Adv Bot 2014, Article ID 208747

  • Heggie L, Halliday KJ (2005) The highs and lows of plant life: temperature and light interactions in development. Int J Dev Biol 49:675–687

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huber H, Kane NC, Heschel MS, von Wettberg EJ, Banta J, Leuck A-M, Schmitt J (2004) Frequency and microenvironmental pattern of selection on plastic shade-avoidance traits in a natural population of Impatiens capensis. Am Nat 163:548–563

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kebrom TH, Brutnell TP (2007) The molecular analysis of the shade avoidance syndrome in the grasses has begun. J Exp Bot 58:3079–3089

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan SR, Rose R, Haase DL, Sabin TE (2000) Effects of shade on morphology, chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll fluorescence of four Pacific Northwest conifer species. New For 19:171–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knudson LL, Tibbitts TW, Edwards GE (1977) Measurement of ozone injury by determination of leaf chlorophyll concentration. Plant Physiol 60:606–608

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurepin LV, Mancell L, Reid DM, Pharis RP, Chinnappa CC (2006) Possible roles for ethylene and gibberellins in the phenotypic plasticity of an alpine population of Stellaria longipes. Can J Bot 84:1101–1109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurepin LV, Emery RJN, Pharis RP, Reid DM (2007) Uncoupling light quality from light irradiance effects in Helianthus annuus shoots: putative roles for plant hormones in leaf and internode growth. J Exp Bot 58:2145–2157

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurepin LV, Walton LJ, Pharis RP, Emery RJN, Reid DM (2011) Interactions of temperature and light quality on phytohormone-mediated elongation of Helianthus annuus hypocotyls. Plant Growth Regul 64:147–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Chapin FS III, Pons TL (2008) Plant physiological ecology, 2nd edn. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenthaler HK, Buschmann C, Döll M, Fietz H-J, Bach T, Kozel U, Meier D, Rahmsdorf U (1981) Photosynthetic activity, chloroplast ultrastructure, and leaf characteristics of high-light and low-light plants and of sun and shade leaves. Photosynth Res 2:115–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu JG, Mahoney KJ, Sikkema PH, Swanton CJ (2009) The importance of light quality in crop–weed competition. Weed Res 49:217–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lombardini L, Restrepo-Diaz H, Volder A (2009) Photosynthetic light response and epidermal characteristics of sun and shade pecan leaves. J Am Soc Hort Sci 134:372–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell K, Johnson GN (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide. J Exp Bot 51:659–668

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagai T, Makino A (2009) Differences between rice and wheat in temperature responses of photosynthesis and plant growth. Plant Cell Physiol 50:744–755

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsen ET, Orcutt DM (1996) Physiology of plants under stress: abiotic factors. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobel PS (2009) Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology, 4th edn. Academic Press/Elsevier, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Nurse RE, Ditommaso A, Ramirez RA (2004) Planting date effects on the germinability and seedling vigour of Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae) seeds. Phytoprotection 85:161–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson DT (1995a) Effects of environmental stress on weed/crop interactions. Weed Sci 43:483–490

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson DT (1995b) Effects of photoperiod on reproductive development in velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Sci 43:627–633

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson DT, Westbrook JK, Joyce RJV, Lingren PD, Rogasik J (1999) Weeds, insects, and disease. Clim Change 43:711–727

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierik R, Cuppens MLC, Voesenek LACJ, Visser EJW (2004) Interactions between ethylene and gibberellins in phytochrome-mediated shade avoidance response in tobacco. Plant Physiol 136:2928–2936

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poorter H, Niklas KJ, Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Poot P, Mommer L (2012) Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control. New Phytol 193:30–50

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Potvin C (2001) ANOVA: experimental layout and analysis. In: Scheiner AM, Gurevitch J (eds) Design and analysis of ecological experiments, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 63–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Qaderi MM, Reid DM (2009) Crop responses to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature. In: Singh SN (ed) Climate change and crops. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Qaderi MM, Kurepin LV, Reid DM (2006) Growth and physiological responses of canola (Brassica napus) to three components of global climate change: temperature, carbon dioxide and drought. Physiol Plant 128:710–721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radosevich SR, Holt JS, Ghersa CM (2007) Ecology of weeds and invasive plants: relationship to agriculture and natural resource management, 3rd edn. Wiley, Hoboken

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ruberti I, Sessa G, Ciolfi A, Possenti M, Carabelli M, Morelli G (2012) Plant adaptation to dynamically changing environment: the shade avoidance response. Biotechnol Adv 30:1047–1058

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salisbury FJ, Hall A, Grierson CS, Halliday KJ (2007) Phytochrome coordinates Arabidopsis shoot and root development. Plant J 50:429–438

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute (2011) SAS/STAT user’s guide, version 9.3. SAS Institute, Cary

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber U (2004) Pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry and saturation pulse method: an overview. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature in photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 279–319

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Slauenwhite KLI, Qaderi MM (2013) Single and interactive effects of temperature and light quality on four canola cultivars. J Agro Crop Sci 199:286–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith H (1982) Light quality, photoperception, and plant strategy. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 33:481–518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith H (2000) Phytochromes and light signal perception by plants—an emerging synthesis. Nature 407:585–591

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith H, Whitelam GC (1997) The shade avoidance syndrome: multiple responses mediated by multiple phytochromes. Plant Cell Environ 20:840–844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Alley RB, Berntsen T, Bindoff NL, Chen Z, Chidthaisong A, Gregory JM, Hegerl GC, Heimann M, Hewiston B, Hoskins BJ, Joos F, Jouzel J, Kattsov V, Lohmann U, Matsuno T, Molina M, Nicholls N, Overpeck J, Raga G, Ramaswamy V, Ren J, Rusticucci M, Somerville R, Stocker TF, Whetton P, Wood RA, Wratt D (2007) Technical summary. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 19–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoller EW, Woolley JT (1985) Competition for light by broadleaf weeds in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci 33:199–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Sultan SE (2010) Plant developmental responses to the environment: eco-devo insights. Curr Opin Plant Biol 13:96–101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wahid A, Gelani S, Ashraf M, Foolad MR (2007) Heat tolerance in plants: an overview. Environ Exp Bot 61:199–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warwick SI, Black LD (1985) Genecological variation in recently established populations of Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf). Can J Bot 64:1632–1643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warwick SI, Black LD (1988) The biology of Canadian weeds. 90. Abutilon theophrasti. Can J Plant Sci 68:1069–1085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinig C (2000) Limits to adaptive plasticity: temperature and photoperiod influence shade-avoidance responses. Am J Bot 87:1660–1668

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zimdahl RL (2013) Fundamentals of weed science, 4th edn. Elsevier/Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziska LH, Runion GB (2007) Future weed, pest, and disease problems for plants. In: Newton PCD, Carran RA, Edwards GR, Niklaus PA (eds) Agroecosystems in a changing climate. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 261–287

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada for financial support through Discovery grants to MMQ and DMR and Mount Saint Vincent University for an Internal Research grant to MMQ. We also thank Kerry Bosveld, Elain Lepp and Robert Nurse for seed collection and shipment, and Eric Densmore for helping with the construction of frames for diode units. We appreciate comments on the manuscript from Professor Urs Feller and the two anonymous referees.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS, B3M 2J6, Canada

    Mirwais M. Qaderi, Kuranda L. I. Slauenwhite & Ronald M. MacKay

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

    David M. Reid

Authors
  1. Mirwais M. Qaderi
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kuranda L. I. Slauenwhite
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David M. Reid
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ronald M. MacKay
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mirwais M. Qaderi.

Additional information

Communicated by U. Feller.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Qaderi, M.M., Slauenwhite, K.L.I., Reid, D.M. et al. Does temperature regulate light quality effects on Abutilon theophrasti?. Acta Physiol Plant 37, 125 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-015-1878-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-015-1878-8

Keywords