Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Salinity tolerance of Aegilops cylindrica genotypes collected from hyper-saline shores of Uremia Salt Lake using physiological traits and SSR markers

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Uremia Salt Lake, in North West Iran, has a hyper-saline water. A rare highly salinity-tolerant grass species, Aegilops cylindrica grows along its shores. Salinity tolerance of 44 genotypes of Ae. cylindrica, mainly collected from the Lake, was evaluated under control and 400 mM NaCl conditions using the physiological traits of plant height, dry weight, proline content, Na+ and K+ concentrations as well as K+/Na+ ratio. To evaluate the association between microsatellite (EST-SSR and SSR) markers and salinity tolerance, 35 primer pairs were used. Results showed a significant variation in the 44 genotypes studied in terms of their traits except for proline content. Ten most salinity-tolerant genotypes were identified based on their ability to survive, to produce the highest dry weight, and to sustain the least leaf Na+ concentration under salinity stress. The very high negative correlation found between Na+ concentration and salinity tolerance revealed the importance of individual or a combination of Na+ exclusion and excretion mechanisms contributing to the hyper-salinity tolerance of these genotypes. Clustering analysis based on marker data divided the 44 studied genotypes into two groups that were consistent with their saline and non-saline geographical areas. Results of molecular markers showed that four microsatellite markers (Xgwm312, Xwmc170, Xgwm291 and Xgwm410) generated a distinguished banding pattern in ten most salinity-tolerant genotypes. These results supported previous reports on their linkage with Na+ exclusion genes (HKT1;5 and HKT1;4) in wheat, which provided further evidence of usefulness of both genes and the linked markers to the salinity tolerance of the halophytic grass family species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

EC:

Electrical conductivity

DW:

Dry weight

FW:

Fresh weight

References

  • Ahmad M, Shahzad A, Iqbal M, Asif M, Hiran AH (2013) Morphological and molecular genetic variation in wheat for salinity tolerance at germination and early seedling stage. Aust J Crop Sci 7:66–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashraf M, Harris PJC (2004) Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Sci 166:3–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Badaeva ED, Amosova AV, Muvavenko OV, Samatadze TE (2002) Genome differentiation in Aegilops. 3. Evolution of the D-genome cluster. Plant Syst Evol 231:163–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bates LS, Waldern RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bordbar F, Rahiminejad MR, Saeidi H, Blattner FR (2011) Phylogeny and genetic diversity of D-genome species of Aegilops and Triticum (Triticeae, Poaceae) from Iran based on microsatellites, ITS, and trnL-F. Plant Syst Evol 291:117–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrt CS, Platten JD, Spielmeyer W, James RA, Lagudah ES, Dennis ES, Tester M, Munns R (2007) HKT1;5-like cation transporters linked to Na+ exclusion loci in wheat, Nax2 and Kna1. Plant Physiol 143:1918–1928

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colmer TD, Epstein E, Dvorak J (1995) Differential solute regulation in leaf blades of various ages in salt sensitive wheat and a salt-tolerant wheat × Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love amphiploid. Plant Physiol 108:1715–1724

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colmer TD, Flowers TJ, Munns R (2006) Use of wild relatives to improve salt tolerance in wheat. J Exp Bot 57:1059–1078

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubcovsky J, Maria GS, Epstein E, Luo MC, Dvorak J (1996) Mapping of the K+/Na+ discrimination locus Kna1 in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 92:448–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eimanifar A, Mohebbi F (2007) Urmia Lake (Northwest Iran): a brief review. Saline Syst 3:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farooq S, Niazi M, Iqbal N, Shah TM (1989) Salt tolerance potential of wild resources of the tribe Triticeae II. Screening of species of the genus Aegilops. Plant Soil 119:255–260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flowers TJ, Colmer TD (2008) Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New Phytol 179:945–963

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gandhi HT, Vales MI, Watson CJW, Mallory-Smith CA, Mori N, Rehman M, Zemetra RS, Riera-Lizarazu O (2005) Chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite analysis of Aegilops cylindrica. Theor Appl Genet 111:561–572

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gandhi HT, Vales MI, Mallory-Smith C, Riera-Lizarazu O (2009) Genetic structure of Aegilops cylindrica host in its native range and in the United States of America. Theor Appl Genet 119:1013–1025

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garthwaite AJ, Bothmer RV, Colmer TD (2005) Salt tolerance in wild Hordeum species is associated with restricted entry of Na+ and Cl− into the shoots. J Exp Bot 56:2365–2378

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghassemi F, Jakeman AJ, Nix HA (1995) Salinisation of land and water resources: human causes, extent and management and case studies. In: Centre for resource and environmental studies. The Australian National University, Canberra

  • Gorham J, Hardy C, Wyn Jones RG, Joppa LR, Law CN (1987) Chromosomal location of a K+/Na+ discrimination character in the D genome of wheat. Theor Appl Genet 74:584–588

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gorham J, Wyn Jones RG, Bristol A (1990) Partial characterization of the trait for enhanced K+/Na+ discrimination in the D genome of wheat. Planta 180:590–597

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoagland DR, Arnon DI (1950) The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif Agric Exp Stn Circ 347:32p

    Google Scholar 

  • James RA, Blake C, Byrt CS, Munns R (2011) Major genes for Na+ exclusion, Nax1 and Nax2 (wheat HKT1;4 and HKT1;5), decrease Na+ accumulation in bread wheat leaves under saline and waterlogged conditions. J Exp Bot 62:2939–2947

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leonova IN, Roder MS, Nasyrova F (2009) The application of wheat microsatellite markers for the detection of interspecific variation in tetraploid Aegilops species with C and U genomes. Cereal Res Commun 37:335–343

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li-Fang Z, Li-Xiao S, Yi-Gao F, Bao-Li Q, Hai-Bin X, Zi-You P, Zeng-Jun Q (2008) Development and chromosome mapping of new wheat EST-SSR markers and application for characterizing rye chromosomes added in wheat. Acta Agron Sin 34:926–933

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay P, Lagudah S, Hare A, Munns R (2004) A locus for sodium exclusion (Nax1), a trait for salt tolerance, mapped in durum wheat. Funct Plant Biol 31:1105–1114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moghaieb EA, Abdel-Hadi A, Talaat B (2011) Molecular markers associated with salt tolerance in Egyptian wheats. Afr J Biotechnol 79:18092–18103

    Google Scholar 

  • Munns R, James RA (2003) Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant Soil 253:201–218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munns R, Tester M (2008) Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:651–681

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M (1973) Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:3321–3323

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poustini K, Siosemardeh A (2004) Ion distribution in wheat cultivars in response to salinity stress. Field Crops Res 85:125–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Roder MS, Korzun V, Wendehake K, Plaschke J, Tixier MH, Leroy P, Ganal MW (1998) A microsatellite map of wheat. Genetics 149:2007–2023

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf FJ (2002) NTSYS-pc: numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 2.11a. Applied Biostatistics, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute (2002) SAS version 9.1. SAS Institute. Cary, North Carolina

  • Sawahel WA, Hassan AH (2002) Generation of transgenic wheat plants producing high levels of the osmoprotectant proline. Biotechnol Lett 24:721–725

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shahzad A, Ahmad M, Iqbal M, Ahmed I, Ali GM (2012) Evaluation of wheat landrace genotypes for salinity tolerance at vegetative stage by using morphological and molecular markers. Genet Mol Res 11:679–692

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shavrukov Y, Langridge P, Tester M (2009) Salinity tolerance and sodium exclusion in genus Triticum. Breed Sci 59:671–678

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tester M, Davenport R (2003) Na+ tolerance and Na+ transport in higher plants. Ann Bot 91:503–537

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu ZL, Ali Z, Yi JX, He XL, Zhang DY, Yu GH, Khan AA, Khan IA, Ma HX (2011) Expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat-based molecular variance in two Salicornia (Amaranthaceae) populations. Genet Mol Res 10:1262–1276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu SC, Gong YM, Mao WH, Hu QZ, Zhang GW, Fu W, Xian QQ (2012) Development and characterization of 41 novel EST-SSR markers for Pisum sativum (Leguminosea). Am J Bot 99:149–153

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Professor Junhua Peng from Chinese Academy of Sciences for his onsite assistance and guidance in seed collection.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran

    Mahbube Arabbeigi, Ahmad Arzani, Mohamad Mahdi Majidi & Razie Kiani

  2. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran

    Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei

  3. Department of Agronomy, Miandoab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miandoab, Iran

    Farshad Habibi

Authors
  1. Mahbube Arabbeigi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmad Arzani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohamad Mahdi Majidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Razie Kiani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Farshad Habibi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmad Arzani.

Additional information

Communicated by J. Zwiazek.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Arabbeigi, M., Arzani, A., Majidi, M.M. et al. Salinity tolerance of Aegilops cylindrica genotypes collected from hyper-saline shores of Uremia Salt Lake using physiological traits and SSR markers. Acta Physiol Plant 36, 2243–2251 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1602-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1602-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation