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Supplementary CaCl2 ameliorates wheat tolerance to NaCl

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Abstract

Nine-day-old seedlings of two wheat cultivars (Misr1 and Sakha93) were treated with NaCl at 75, 150 and 225 mM for 15 days with or without the presence of 10 mM CaCl2. All concentrations of NaCl led to significant decreases in fresh and dry weights of only Sakha93; however, Misr1 seemed to be affected only at the highest concentration. Nonetheless, growth parameters of both cultivars under normal conditions were most likely similar. On the other hand, lipid peroxides (as MDA) and H2O2 were greatly accumulated particularly in Sakha93; significant increases were detected in Misr1 treated only at 225 mM. Also, all concentrations of NaCl decreased GSH content in Sakha93; nevertheless, there were no great differences among both cultivars under normal conditions. On the other hand, the activities of the enzymatic antioxidants, GR, GST, CAT and POD were unaffected in Misr1 by all concentrations but inhibited in Sakha93. AOX responded differently to NaCl, there were decreases in Misr1 by 75 and 225 mM and in Sakha93 by 75 and 150 mM. However, the application of CaCl2 alleviated the impacts of NaCl; there was a retraction in growth reduction in Misr1 to reach most likely those of the control. In addition, the accumulated MDA and H2O2 were greatly counterbalanced. On the contrary, the decreased GSH contents seemed unrecovered in Sakha93 in spite of the alleviations in magnitudes. Moreover, there were recoveries in the activities of GR and POD in Sakha93; nevertheless, GST and CAT activities remained significantly inhibited. These findings suggest that Misr1 is a more tolerant cultivar to NaCl than Sakha93. Moreover, the results reveal that ROS scavenging is efficient and became more inducible in the less susceptible than in the more susceptible cultivar. The response of AOX appeared to coincide with antioxidants so that the damage which was inflicted by NaCl can be ameliorated by over-expression of antioxidants especially with the presence of CaCl2.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

AOX:

Alternative oxidase

CAT:

Catalase

CDNB:

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

GST:

Glutathione-S-transferase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

LSD:

Least significant differences

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

O2 − :

Superoxide radical

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

POD:

Peroxidase

PPFD:

Photosynthetic photon flux density

PVPP:

Polyvinylpolyprollidone

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, 34517, Egypt

    Mamdouh M. Nemat Alla, Gaber M. Abogadallah, Enas G. Badran, Reham M. Nada & Nemat M. Hassan

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  1. Mamdouh M. Nemat Alla
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  2. Gaber M. Abogadallah
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  3. Enas G. Badran
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  4. Reham M. Nada
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  5. Nemat M. Hassan
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Correspondence to Mamdouh M. Nemat Alla.

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Communicated by W. Filek.

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Nemat Alla, M.M., Abogadallah, G.M., Badran, E.G. et al. Supplementary CaCl2 ameliorates wheat tolerance to NaCl. Acta Physiol Plant 36, 2103–2112 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1587-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1587-8

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