Abstract
The possible physiological mechanisms behind the allelopathic effects of three concentrations of black pepper (Piper nigrum) whole plants leachings on germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll and chlorophyll supply-orientation (precursors for chlorophyll biosynthesis) in Vigna mungo var. NIAB were investigated. Fifty and 75% leaching solutions negatively affected germination and seedling growth of V. mungo. Maximum inhibition (58.11%) was recorded in germination at 75% leaching-treated seeds. In addition, seedling growth was also retarded by the application of leachings. Especially the affect on shoot growth was more evident with the increasing concentrations compared to root growth. In other experiment 10-day old etiolated seedlings of V. mungo were cultured in growth chamber in one-tenth Hoagland culture solution with or without leaching-concentrations. Leaves were harvested randomly at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48-h time interval after treatment. The concentrations of chlorophyll, porphyrin and its three biosynthetic precursors such as proto porphyrin IX (Proto), Mg-proto porphyrin IX (Mg-Proto), and proto-chlorophyllide (Pchlide) were determined. Synthesis of chlorophyll and porphyrin was inhibited as the leaching concentrations increased. The mole percent of Mg-Proto affected by the leachings exhibited the same pattern as that of Pchlide and Proto. The data suggest that enzymes responsible for the conversion of porphyrin precursors may be the major targets of the leaching causing the significant decrease in chlorophyll concentration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bennet FD, Habeck DH (1991) Brazilian Peppertree-Prospects for Biological control in Florida. In: Center TD, Doren RE, Hofstetter RL, Myers RL, Ehiteaker LD (eds) Proceedings of the symposium on exotic pest plants. University of Miami, Miami, pp 23–33
Borua I, Das P (2000) Changes in activities of polyphenol oxidase, acid phosphatase and phenol content in developing chilli varieties susceptible and resistant to Colletotrichum capsici. Crop Res Hisar 19:230–234
Cremer DR, Eichner K (2000) Formation of volatile compounds during heating of spice paprika (Black pepper annuum) powder. J Agric Food Chem 48:2454–2460
Chou CH, Lin HJ (1976) Auto-intoxication mechanism of Oryza sativa. I. Phytotoxic effects of decomposing rice residues in soil. J Chem Ecol 2:353–367
Cho KJ, Park KS, Tang CS (1992) Allelopathic potential of red-pepper (Black pepper annum L.) fruit. Res Rep Rural Dev Admin Suweon 34:18–23
Einhellig FA (1986) The science of allelopathy. Wiley, USA, pp 170–188
Einhellig FA (1995) Allelopathy: organisms, processes, and applications. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 96–116
Einhellig FA, Kuan L (1971) Effects of scopoletin and chlorogenic acid on stomatal aperture in tobacco and sunflower. Bull Torrey Bot Club 98:155–162
Einhellig FA, Rasmussen MS, Schon MK (1985) The chemistry of allelopathy. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 170–195
Gbewonyo WSK, Candy DJ, Anderson M (1993) Structure-activity relationships of insecticidal amides from Piper guineese root. Pestic Sci 37:57–66
Gerald F, Booker L, Blum U, Fiscus EL (1992) Short-term effects of ferulic acid on ion uptake and water relations in cucumber seedlings. J Exp Bot 43:649–655
González L, Souto XC, Reigosa MJ (1997) Weed control by Black pepper annuum. Allelopathy J 4:101–110
Herro JL, Callaway RM (2003) Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion. Plant Soil 256:29–39
Kahn VM, Avivi-Bieise N, Von Wettstein D (1976) Genetics and biogenesis of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Elsevier/North-Holland Bio membrane Press, Amsterdam, pp 119–131
Kato-Nogouchi H, Ino T (2001) Assessment of the allelopathic potential of Ageratumconyzoides. Biol Plant 44:309–311
Li Y, Norland M (2001) The role of soil fertility in invasion of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Everglades National Park Florida. Soil Sci 166:400–405
Macias FA, Galindo JCG, Massanot M (1992) Potential allelopathic activity of several sesquterpene lactone models. Phytochemistry 31:1969–1777
MacKinno S, Chauret D, Wang M, Mata R, Pereda-Miranda R, Jiminez A, Bernard CB, Krishnamurty HG, Poveda LJ, Sanchez-Vindaz PE, Arnason JT, Durst T (1997) Botanicals from the Piperaceae and Meliaceae of the American Neotrpoics: phytochemistry. Phytochemicals for pest control. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 49–57
Materska M, Piacente Stochmal SA, Pizza C, Oleszek W, Perucka I (2003) Isolation and structure elucidation and flavonoid and phenolic acid glucosides from pericarp of hot pepper fruit Black pepper annum L. Phytochemistry 63:893–898
Mersie W, Singh M (1993) Phenolic acids affect photosynthesis and protein synthesis by isolated leaf cells of velvet-leaf. J Chem Ecol 19:1293–1301
Miyakado M, Nakayama I, Ohno N, Yashioka H (1983) Structure, chemistry and actions of the piperaceae amides: new insecticidal constituents isolated from pepper plant. Natural product for innovatives pest managements. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 369–382
Miyakado M, Nakayama I, Yoshioka H (1980) Insecticidal joint action of pipercide and co-occurring compounds isolated from Piper nigrum L. Agric Biol Chem 44:1701–1703
Morgan EC, Overholt WA (2005) Potential allelopathic effects of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifoliusI Raddi, Anacardiaceae) aqueous extract on germination and growth of selected Florida native plants. J Torrey Bot Soc 132:11–15
Morton JF (1978) Brazilian pepper—its impact on people, animals and environment. Econ Bot 32:353–359
Patterson DT (1981) Effects of allelopathic chemicals on growth and physiological responses of soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci 29:53–59
Porra RJ, Thompson A, Friedelman PE (1989) Determination of accurate extraction and simultaneously equation for assaying chlorophyll a and b extracted with different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Acta 975:384–394
Putnam AR (1988) Allelochemical from plants as herbicides. Weed Tech 2:510–518
Scott IM, Puniani E, Durst T, Phelps D, Merali S, Assabgui RA, Sanchez-Vindas P, Poveda l, Philgene BJR, Arnason JT (2002) Insecticidal activity of Piper tuberculatum Jacq. Extract: Synergistic interaction of piperamides.Agric Forest Entamol 4:137–144
Siddiqui ZS, Ahmed S, Shaukat SS (1999) Effect of systemic fungicide (Topsin-M) and insecticide (Dimecron) on germination, seedling growth and phenolic content of Pennisetum americanum.L. Pak J Biol Sci 2:182–184
Siddiqui ZS, Zaman AU (2004) Effects of systemic fungicide (benlate) on germination, seedling growth, biomass and phenolic contents of two different varieties of Zea mays. Pak J Bot 36:577–582
Yang CM, Chang IF, Lin SJ, Chou CH (2002) Effects of three allelopathic phenolics on chlorophyll accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings I: inhibition of supply orientation. Bot Bull Acad Sinica 43:299–304
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by E. Gwozdz.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Siddiqui, Z.S. Allelopathic effects of black pepper leachings on Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Acta Physiol Plant 29, 303–308 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-007-0039-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-007-0039-0