Abstract
Effect of short-term (6 days) exposure to high salinity (500 mM NaCl) was studied in Bruguiera parviflora, a tree mangrove. NaCl treatment decreased photochemical activity, but had no effect on growth. Thylakoid protein profile and spectral characteristic were not changed. There was no significant effect on chlorophylls and carotenoids content, total proteins and total free amino acids. However, there was an increase in free proline. The activity of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, ascorbate peroxidase was enhanced, but no significant change in guaiacol peroxidase was observed. Salinity did not cause any alteration in malondialdehyde formation indicating intactness of membrane integrity upon high salinity. We conclude that the effect of high NaCl stress is not revealed in morphology of the plants, but in the metabolic changes as increase in proline and antioxidant enzyme activity. These effects are the adaptive mechanisms that operates under high salt stress in this mangrove; however, the decrease in photochemical activity may be due to onset of senescence which helps plant in remobilization of photosynthate to new leaves after adaptation.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AOS:
-
Active oxygen species
- APX:
-
ascorbate peroxidase
- CAT:
-
catalase
- Chl:
-
-chlorophyll
- DCMU:
-
3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea)
- DCPIP:
-
2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol
- DMF:
-
Dimethylformamide
- EDTA:
-
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Hepes:
-
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(2-ethanesulph onic acid)
- MDA:
-
malondialdehyde
- Mes:
-
2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulphonic acid
- POX:
-
non-specific peroxidase
- PMSF:
-
phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride
- SDS-PAGE:
-
Sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PSII:
-
photosystem II
- Tris:
-
N-tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
- Tricine:
-
N-[tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methyl]glycine
References
Ashihara H., Adachi K., Otawa M., Yasumoto E., Fukushima Y., Kato M., Sano H., Sasamoto H. and Baba S. 1997. Compatible solutes and inorganic ions in the mangrove plant Avicennia marina and their effects on the activities of enzymes. Z. Naturforsch., 52c: 433–440.
Ball M.C., Farquhar G.D. 1984. Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of Mangrove species, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina to long term salinity and humidity. Plant Physiol., 74: 1–6.
Ball M.C., Chow W.S. and Anderson J.M. 1987. Salinity-induced potassium deficiency causes loss of functional photosystem II in leaves of the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina, through depletion of the atrazine-binding polypeptide. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 14: 351–361.
Bates L.S., Waldren R.P., Teare I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant & Soil, 39: 205–207.
Beers R. F., Sizer I. 1952. A spectrophotometric method for measuring the hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J. Biol. Chem., 195: 133–140.
Bhargava B. S., Raghupathi H. B. 1998. Analysis for plant material for macro and micro nutrients. In: Methods of Analysis of Soils, Plants, Water and Fertilizers, ed. by H. L. S. Tandon, Fertiliser Development and Consultation Organization, 1–2 Panposh Enclave, New Delhi: 49–82.
Biswal U. C., Mohanty P. 1976. Dark stress-induced senescence of detached barley leaves. II. Alteration in the absorption characteristics and photochemical activity of the chloroplasts isolated from senescing leaves. Plant Sci. Lett., 7: 371–379.
Bradford M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72: 248–254.
Cakmak I., Horst W. J. 1991. Effect of alumunium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities in root tips of soyabean (Glycine max). Physiol. Plant., 83: 463–468.
Damerval C., Vienne P, Zivy M., Thiellement H. 1986. Technical improvement in two-dimensional electrophoresis increase the level of genetic variation detected in wheat seedling proteins. Electrophoresis, 7: 52–54.
Dhindsa R. S., Plumle-Dhindsa P., Thrope T. A. 1981. Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. J. Exp. Bot., 32: 93–101.
Garstka M., Kanuiga Z. 1988. Linoleic acid-induced release of Mn, polypeptides and inactivation of oxygen evolution in photosystem particles. FEBS Lett., 232: 372–376.
Gomez J. M., Hernadez J. A., Jimenez A., del Rio L. A. Sevilla F. 1999. Differential response of antioxidative enzymes of chloroplasts and mitochondria to long-term NaCl stress of pea plants. Free Rad. Res., 31: 11–18.
Gossett D. R., Banks S. W., Millhollon E. P., Lucas C. 1996. Antioxidant response to NaCl stress in a control and NaCl-tolerant cotton cell line grown in the presence of paraquat, buthionine sulfoximine and exogenous glutathione. Plant Physiol., 112: 803–809.
Greenway H., Munns R. 1980. Mechanisms of salt-tolerance in non-halophytes. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol., 31: 149–190.
Gueta-Dahan Y., Yaniv Z., Zilinskas B.A., Ben-Hayyim G. 1997. Salt and oxidative stress: similar and specific responses and their relation to salt tolerance in citrus. Planta, 203: 460–469.
Hasegawa P. M., Bressan R. A., Zhu J.-K., Bohnert H. J. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol., 51: 463–499.
Hernadez J. A., Almansa M. S. 2002. Short-term effects of salt stress on antioxidant systems and leaf water relations of pea leaves. Physiol. Plant., 115: 251–257.
Hernadez J. A., Ferrer M. A., Jimenez A., Ros-Barcelo A., Sevilla F. 2001. Antioxidant systems and O2/H2O2 production in the apoplast of Pisum sativum L. leaves: its relation with NaCl-induced necrotic lesions in minor veins. Plant Physiol., 127: 817–831.
Heuer B. 1996. Photosynthetic carbon metabolism of crops under salt stress. In: Handbook of Photosynthesis, ed. by Pesserkali M., Marshal Dekar, Baten Rose, USA, pp: 897–909.
Hibino T., Meng Y-L, Kawamitsu Y., Uehara N., Matsuda N., Tanalka Y., Hiroshi I., Baba S., Takabe T., Wada K., Ishii T., Takabe T. 2001. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two kinds of betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase in betaine-accumulating mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.. Plant Molec. Biol. 45: 353–363.
Hoagland D. R., Arnon D. I. 1940. Crop production in artificial solutions and in soil with special reference to factors influencing yields and absorption of inorganic nutrients. Soil Science, 50: 463–471.
Hoagrath P. J. 1999. The Biology of Mangroves. Academic Press, London, pp. 14.
Izawa S. 1980. Acceptors and donors for electron transport. In: Methods in Enzymology (A San Pietro, ed.) 69: 413–434.
Kelley G. H., Latzko E. 1979. Soluble ascorbate peroxidase Naturwissenschaften, 66: 377–382.
Laemmli U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227: 680–685.
Leshem Y. Y. 1992. Plant membrane biophysics in development and senescence. In: Plant Membranes: a Biophysical Approach to Structure, Development and Senescence, ed. by Y. Y. Leshem, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, pp. 111–154.
Lowry O. H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A. L., Randall R. J. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265–275.
McMillan C. 1979. Salt tolerance of mangroves and submerged aquatic plants. In: Ecology of Halophyte, Ed. by R. J. Reimold and W. H. Queen, Academic press, London: 379–390.
Mishra S.R., Das A.B. 2003. Effect of short-term exposure to NaCl on leaf salt secretion and antioxidative enzyme level in roots of a mangrove, Aegiceras corniculatum. Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 41: 160–166.
Moore S., Stein W. H. 1948. Photometric ninhydrin method for use in chromatography of amino acids. J. Bio. Chem., 176: 367–388.
Munns R. 1993. Physiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soils: some dogmas and hypotheses. Plant, Cell Environ., 16: 15–24.
Munns R., Termatt A. 1986. Whole plant responses to salinity. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 13: 143–160.
Muranaka S., Shimizu K., Kato M. 2002. Ionic and osmotic effects of salinity on single-leaf photosynthesis in two wheat cultivars with different drought tolerance. Photosynthetica, 40: 201–207.
Nakatani H, Barber J. 1977. An improved method for isolating chloroplasts retaining their outer membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 461: 510–512.
Ohya T., Morimura Y., Saji H., Mihara T. Ikawa T. 1997. Purification and characterization of ascorbate peroxidase in roots of Japanese radish. Plant Sci. 125: 137–145.
Parida A., Das A. B., Das P. 2002. NaCl stress causes changes in photosynthetic pigments, proteins and other metabolic components in the leaves of a true mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora. J. Plant Biol., 45: 28–36.
Popp M. 1984. Chemical composition of Australian mangroves. II. Low molecular weight carbohydrates. Z. Pflanzenphysiol., 113: 411–421.
Popp M., Larther F., Weigel P. 1985. Osmotic adaptation in Australian mangroves. Vegetatio, 61: 247–254.
Porra R. J., Thompson, W. A., Kriendemann P. E. 1989. Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophyll a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 975: 384–394.
Savoure A., Thorin D., Davey M., Hua X. J., Mauro S., Van Montagu M., Inze D., Verbruggen N. 1999. NaCl and CuZnSO4 treatments trigger distinct oxidative defence mechanism in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia L.. Plant Cell Environ, 22: 387–396.
Scandalios J.G. 1964. Tissue-specific isozyme variation in maize, J. Hered. 55: 281.
Takemura T., Hanagata N., Sugihara K., Baba S., Karube I., Dubinsky Z. 2000. Physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress in the mangrove, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Aquat. Bot, 68: 15–28.
Teas H. J. 1979. Silviculture with saline water. In: The Biosaline Concept, ed. by A. Hollaender, Plenum Press, New York, pp 117–161.
Tomlinson P. B. 1986. The Botany of Mangroves. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Wetter L., Dyck J. 1983. Isoenzyme analysis of cultured cells and somatic hybrids. In: Handbook of Plant Cell Culture Vol. 1. Techniques for Propagation and Breeding, Ed. by David A. Evans, William R. Sharp, Philip V. Ammirato, Yasuyuki Yamada, MacMillan Publishing Company, New York: 607–627.
Willekens H., Inze D., Van Montangu M., Van Camp W. 1995. Catalase in plants. Molecular Breeding, 1: 207–228.
Yeo A. R., K.-S., Izard P., Boursier P. J., Flowers T. J. 1991. Short- and long-term effects of salinity on leaf growth in rice (Oryza sativa). J. Exp. Bot., 42: 881–889.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mishra, S., Das Bandhu, A. Effect of short-term exposure to NaCl on photochemical activity and antioxidant enzymes in Bruguiera parviflora, a non-secretor mangrove. Acta Physiol Plant 26, 317–326 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-004-0022-y
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-004-0022-y