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1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase — genes and expression

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Abstract

The immediate precursor of ethylene in higher plants is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), which is a product of the reaction controlled by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase catalytic activity (S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase, EC 4.4.1.14). This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge about organization and gene structure, and transcriptional expression of ACS genes from different plant species hitherto characterized. ACS is encoded by a highly divergent multigene family in each plant species. For example, the ACS families of tomato (LE-ACS) and Arabidopsis thaliana (AT-ACS) include numerous isoenzyme genes. Expression of selected members of the multigene ACS family in higher plants is induced by a diverse group of external and internal ethylene inducers such as: wounding, anaerobiosis, viral and fungal infection, chilling, drought, heavy metals, auxin, ripening and senescence processes. Enhanced transcription is the main regulatory step of this enzyme activity but the posttranscriptional regulation is operational as well.

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Abbreviations

aa identity:

amino acids identity

ACC:

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

ACS:

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase

CaDPK:

Ca+2-dependent protein kinase

CHX:

cycloheximide

IP3 :

inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate

PI cycle:

phosphoinositide cycle

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-371, Poznan, Międzychodzka 5

    Małgorzata Jakubowicz & Jan Sadowski

  2. Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznań, Strzeszyńska 34

    Jan Sadowski

Authors
  1. Małgorzata Jakubowicz
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  2. Jan Sadowski
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Jakubowicz, M., Sadowski, J. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase — genes and expression. Acta Physiol Plant 24, 459–478 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-002-0043-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-002-0043-3

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