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Dysplasie (en dehors de la dysplasie colique) et MICI

Dysplasia in IBD (except colonic dysplasia)

  • Dossier Thématique / Thematic File
  • Published:
Côlon & Rectum

Résumé

Chez les patients atteints de maladie inflammatoire chronique intestinale (MICI), une dysplasie et un cancer peuvent survenir et de nombreux facteurs de risque peuvent y contribuer. L’inflammation chronique, le terrain ou les immunosuppresseurs peuvent participer à l’émergence d’une dysplasie et d’un cancer. À côté du cas bien documenté de la dysplasie colorectale, une cancérogenèse peut atteindre dans d’autres organes. Les infections chroniques à papillomavirus humain (HPV) sont impliqués dans la dysplasie du col de l’utérus, du canal anal ou encore les cancers cutanés hors mélanomes. Dans ce cadre, les immunosuppresseurs participent à l’infection chronique et pourraient ainsi augmenter le risque de dysplasie. Dans d’autres cas, tels que l’adénocarcinome du grêle dans la maladie de Crohn (MC) et le cholangiocarcinome au cours des MICI associées à une cholangite sclérosante primitive, l’inflammation chronique semble être le facteur majeur de carcinogenèse. Une meilleure connaissance des risques et des actions de prévention éventuelles est nécessaire pour éviter l’évolution vers une dysplasie au cours des MICI.

Abstract

In patients with IBD, dysplasia and cancer can occur and many risk factors are involved. Chronic inflammation, background and habits, or immunosuppressants can contribute to dysplasia and cancer development. Beside the well-described colorectal dysplasia, carcinogenesis may arise in other organs. Human papillomavirus chronic infections are involved in the dysplasia of uterine cervix, anal canal, and non-melanoma skin cancer. In this context, immunosuppressants cause chronic infection and could increase the risk of dysplasia. Chronic inflammation appears a major factor in other cases such as small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn’s disease and cholangiocarcinoma in IBD associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis. A better understanding of risks and preventive measures is needed to prevent dysplasia in IBD management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté de médecine, AP-HP gastroentérologie et nutrition, université Paris-VI, hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, F-75571, Paris cedex 12, Paris, France

    P. Seksik

  2. Service de pathologies digestives, institut mutualiste Montsouris, 42, boulevard Jourdan, F-75014, Paris, France

    M. Simon

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  1. P. Seksik
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  2. M. Simon
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Correspondence to P. Seksik.

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Seksik, P., Simon, M. Dysplasie (en dehors de la dysplasie colique) et MICI. Colon Rectum 4, 224–228 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11725-010-0250-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11725-010-0250-9

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