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Le bevacizumab dans les cancers colorectaux métastatiques

Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer

  • Article De Référence / Standard Reference Article
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Côlon & Rectum

Résumé

Contexte

Le bevacizumab (Avastin™) est un anticorps monoclonal humanisé qui cible le vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Des résultats intéressants et prometteurs ont été obtenus en préclinique et en clinique, lorsque cet anticorps était associé à un cytotoxique.

Méthodes

Dans une étude de phase III, 813 patients atteints d’un cancer colorectal métastatique en première ligne ont été randomisés en double insu entre le protocole IFL associé à du bevacizumab (irinotécan: 125 mg/m2, 5-FU bolus: 500 mg/m2, AF: 20mg/m2 i.v. hebdomadaire quatre semaines sur six; bevacizumab: 5 mg/kg i.v. toutes les deux semaines) et le même protocole associé à un placebo. L’objectif principal de cette étude était la survie globale, tandis que les objectifs secondaires étaient la survie sans progression, le taux de réponse, la durée de la réponse, la tolérance et la qualité de vie des patients.

Résultats

Parmi les 813 patients inclus, 402 ont été randomisés dans le bras bevacizumab et 411 dans le bras placebo. La médiane de survie dans le groupe IFL + bevacizumab était de 20,3 contre 15,6 mois dans le groupe IFL + placebo, ce qui représente une réduction de 34 % du risque de décès (p < 0,001). Il existait également, grâce à l’ajout du bevacizumab, une amélioration significative de la médiane de survie sans progression (10,6 versus 6,2 mois, p < 0,001), du taux de réponse (44,8 versus 34,8 %, p = 0,004), ainsi que de la durée moyenne de réponse (10,4 versus 7,1 mois, p = 0,001). L’incidence des toxicités de grades 3–4 était significativement plus importante dans le bras comportant du bevacizumab (84,9 versus 74 %, p < 0,01). Cependant, cette différence était essentiellement due à la survenue d’une hypertension artérielle de grade 3 chez 11 % des patients du bras bevacizumab contre 2,3 % dans le bras témoin, et il s’agissait d’une HTA réversible à l’arrêt du traitement et facilement contrôlable par un traitement antihypertenseur.

Conclusion

Le bevacizumab associé à une chimiothérapie à base de 5-FU permet d’améliorer significativement le pronostic des patients en première ligne métastatique d’un cancer colorectal.

Abstract

Background

Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, has shown promising preclinical and clinical activity against metastatic colorectal cancer, particularly in combination with chemotherapy.

Methods

Of 813 patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer, we randomly assigned 402 to receive irinotecan, bolus fluorouracil, and leucovorin (IFL) plus bevacizumab (5 mg/kg of body weight every two weeks) and 411 to receive IFL plus placebo. The primary end point was overall survival. Secondary end points were progression-free survival, the response rate, the duration of the response, safety, and the quality of life.

Results

The median duration of survival was 20.3 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 15.6 months in the group given IFL plus placebo, corresponding to a hazard ratio for death of 0.66 (P < 0.001). The median duration of progression-free survival was 10.6 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 6.2 months in the group given IFL plus placebo (hazard ratio for disease progression, 0.54; P < 0.001); the corresponding rates of response were 44.8 percent and 34.8 percent (P = 0.004). The median duration of the response was 10.4 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 7.1 months in the group given IFL plus placebo (hazard ratio for progression, 0.62; P = 0.001). Grade 3 hypertension was more common during treatment with IFL plus bevacizumab than with IFL plus placebo (11.0 percent vs. 2.3 percent) but was easily managed.

Conclusion

The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy results in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

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Correspondence to M. -P. Sablin.

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Sablin, M.P., Faivre, S. Le bevacizumab dans les cancers colorectaux métastatiques. Colon Rectum 4, 66–69 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11725-010-0199-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11725-010-0199-8

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