Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance evaluation of low-rise infilled reinforced concrete frames designed by considering local effects on column shear demand

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The interactions between reinforced concrete (RC) frames and infill walls play an important role in the seismic response of frames, particularly for low-rise frames. Infill walls can increase the overall lateral strength and stiffness of the frame owing to their high strength and stiffness. However, local wall-frame interactions can also lead to increased shear demand in the columns owing to the compressive diagonal strut force from the infill wall, which can result in failure or in serious situations, collapse. In this study, the effectiveness of a design strategy to consider the complex infill wall interaction was investigated. The approach was used to design example RC frames with infill walls in locations with different seismicity levels in Thailand. The performance of these frames was assessed using nonlinear static, and dynamic analyses. The performance of the frames and the failure modes were compared with those of frames designed without considering the infill wall or the local interactions. It was found that even though the overall responses of the buildings designed with and without consideration of the local interaction of the infill walls were similar in terms the overall lateral strength, the failure modes were different. The proposed method can eliminate the column shear failure from the building. Finally, the merits and limitations of this approach are discussed and summarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sezen H, Whittaker A S, Elwood K J, Mosalam K M. Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the August 17, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake, and seismic design and construction practise in Turkey. Engineering Structures, 2003, 25(1): 103–114

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ferraioli M, Lavino A. Irregularity effects of masonry infills on nonlinear seismic behaviour of RC buildings. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2020, 2020: 4086320

    Google Scholar 

  3. Smith B S. Lateral stiffness of infilled frames. Journal of the Structural Division, 1962, 88(6): 183–199

    Google Scholar 

  4. Paulay T, Priestly M J N. Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings. New York: Wiley, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  5. Saneinejad A, Hobbs B. Inelastic design of infilled frames. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1995, 121(4): 634–650

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fardis M N, Panagiotakos T B. Seismic design and response of bare and masonry-infilled reinforced concrete buildings. Part II: Infilled structures. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1997, 1(3): 475–503

    Google Scholar 

  7. Asteris P G. Lateral stiffness of brick masonry infilled plane frames. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2003, 129(8): 1071–1079

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bertero V, Brokken S. Infills in seismic resistant building. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1983, 109(6): 1337–1361

    Google Scholar 

  9. Blasi G, Perrone D, Aiello M A. Fragility functions and floor spectra of RC masonry infilled frames: Influence of mechanical properties of masonry infills. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 16(12): 6105–6130

    Google Scholar 

  10. Asteris P G, Repapis C C, Cavaleri L, Sarhosis V, Athanasopoulou A. On the fundamental period of infilled RC frame buildings. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2015, 54(6): 1175–1200

    Google Scholar 

  11. Burton H, Deierlein G. Simulation of seismic collapse in nonductile reinforced concrete frame buildings with masonry infills. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2014, 140(8): A4014016

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mehrabi A B, Shing P B, Schuller M P, Noland J L. Experimental evaluation of masonry-infilled RC frames. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1996, 122(3): 228–237

    Google Scholar 

  13. Al-Chaar G, Issa M, Sweeney S. Behavior of masonry-infilled nonductile reinforced concrete frames. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2002, 128(8): 1055–1063

    Google Scholar 

  14. Srechai J, Lukkunaprasit P. An innovative scheme for retrofitting masonry-infilled non-ductile reinforced concrete frames. The IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering, 2013, 6(4): 277–289

    Google Scholar 

  15. Niyompanitpattana S, Warnitchai P. Effects of masonry infill walls with openings on seismic behaviour of long-span GLD RC frames. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2017, 69(21): 1082–1102

    Google Scholar 

  16. Su Q, Cai G, Cai H. Seismic behaviour of full-scale hollow bricks-infilled RC frames under cyclic loads. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2017, 15(7): 2981–3012

    Google Scholar 

  17. Suzuki T, Choi H, Sanada Y, Nakano Y, Matsukawa K, Paul D, Gülkan P, Binici B. Experimental evaluation of the in-plane behaviour of masonry wall infilled RC frames. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2017, 15(10): 4245–4267

    Google Scholar 

  18. Alwashali H, Sen D, Jin K, Maeda M. Experimental investigation of influences of several parameters on seismic capacity of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame. Engineering Structures, 2019, 189: 11–24

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wararuksajja W, Srechai J, Leelataviwat S. Seismic design of RC moment-resisting frames with concrete block infill walls considering local infill-frame interactions. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2020, 18(14): 6445–6474

    Google Scholar 

  20. Stavridis A, Shing P B. Finite-element modeling of nonlinear behavior of masonry-infilled RC frames. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2010, 136(3): 285–296

    Google Scholar 

  21. Koutromanos I, Stavridis A, Shing P B, Willam K. Numerica modeling of masonry-infilled RC frames subjected to seismic loads. Computers & Structures, 2011, 89(11–12): 1026–1037

    Google Scholar 

  22. Milanesi R R, Morandi P, Magenes G. Local effects on RC frames induced by AAC masonry infills through FEM simulation of in-plane tests. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 16(9): 4053–4080

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cavaleri L, Di Trapani F. Prediction of the additional shear action on frame members due to infills. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2015, 13(5): 1425–1454

    Google Scholar 

  24. Srechai J, Leelataviwat S, Wongkaew A, Lukkunaprasit P Experimental and analytical evaluation of a low-cost seismic retrofitting method for masonry-infilled non-ductile RC frames Earthquakes and Structures, 2017, 12(6): 699–712

    Google Scholar 

  25. Basha S H, Kaushik H B. A novel macromodel for prediction of shear failure in columns of masonry infilled RC frames under earthquake loading. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2019 17(4): 2219–2244

    Google Scholar 

  26. Huang H, Burton H V. A database of test results from steel and reinforced concrete infilled frame experiments. Earthquake Spectra, 2020, 36(3): 1525–1548

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kaushik H B, Rai D C, Jain S K. Code approaches to seismic design of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames: A state-of-the-art review. Earthquake Spectra, 2006, 22(4): 961–983

    Google Scholar 

  28. El-Dakhakhni W W, Elgaaly M, Hamid A A. Three-strut model for concrete masonry-infilled steel frames. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2003, 129(2): 177–185

    Google Scholar 

  29. Crisafulli F J, Carr A J. Proposed macro-model for the analysis of infilled frame structures. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 2007, 40(2): 69–77

    Google Scholar 

  30. Asteris P G, Antoniou S T, Sophianopoulos D S, Chrysostomou C Z. Mathematical macromodeling of infilled frames: State of the art Journal of Structural Engineering, 2011, 137(12): 1508–1517

    Google Scholar 

  31. Nicola T, Leandro C, Guido C, Enrico S. Masonry infilled frame structures: State-of-the-art review of numerical modelling Earthquakes and Structures, 2015, 8(1): 225–251

    Google Scholar 

  32. Srechai J, Leelataviwat S, Wararuksajja W, Limkatanyu S. Multi-strut and empirical formula-based macro modeling for masonry infilled RC frames. Engineering Structures, 2022, 266: 114559

    Google Scholar 

  33. Dhir P K, Tubaldi E, Ahmadi H, Gough J. Numerical modelling of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills and rubber joints. Engineering Structures, 2021, 246: 112833

    Google Scholar 

  34. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance—Part 1: General Rules. Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings, EN 1998–1, Eurocode 8 Brussels: European Committee for Standardization, 2004

  35. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, ASCE/SEI 41–17. Reston, VA: ASCE, 2017

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wararuksajja W, Srechai J, Leelataviwat S, Sungkamongkol T, Limkatanyu S. Seismic design method for preventing column shear failure in reinforced concrete frames with infill walls. Journal of Building Engineering, 2021, 44: 102963

    Google Scholar 

  37. Smith B S, Coull A. Tall Building Structures: Analysis and Design New York: Wiley, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  38. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings: Basic Procedures Manual, FEMA 306. Washington, D.C.: FEMA, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  39. Tucker C J. Prediction the in-plane capacity of masonry infilled frames, in Faculty of the Graduate School. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Cookeville, TN: Tennessee Technological University, 2007, 270

    Google Scholar 

  40. Stavridis A. Analytical and Experimental Study of Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Frames Infilled with Masonry Walls. La Jolla, CA: University of California San Diego, 2009, 417

    Google Scholar 

  41. Masonry Standard Joint Committee (MSJC). Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures, TMS 402–11. Longmont, CO: MSJC, 2011

    Google Scholar 

  42. Moretti M, Tassios T. Behaviour of short columns subjected to cyclic shear displacements: Experimental results. Engineering Structures, 2007, 29(8): 2018–2029

    Google Scholar 

  43. Li Y A, Hwang S J. Shear behavior prediction of non-ductile reinforced concrete members in earthquake. In: Hsu T T C, ed. Concrete Structures in Earthquake. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019, 17–27

    Google Scholar 

  44. Li Y A, Hwang S J. Prediction of lateral load displacement curves for reinforced concrete short columns failed in shear. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2017, 143(2): 04016164

    Google Scholar 

  45. American Concrete Institute (ACI). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, ACI 318/318R-14. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI, 2014

    Google Scholar 

  46. SeismoStruct: Civil engineering software for structural assessment and structural retrofitting. Pavia: SeismoSoft-Earthquake Engineering Software Solutions. 2020

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sattar S, Liel A B. Seismic performance of nonductile reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill walls—I: Development of a strut model enhanced by finite element models. Earthquake Spectra, 2016, 32(2): 795–818

    Google Scholar 

  48. Mohammad Noh N, Liberatore L, Mollaioli F, Tesfamariam S. Modelling of masonry infilled RC frames subjected to cyclic loads: State of the art review and modelling with OpenSees. Engineering Structures, 2017, 150: 599–621

    Google Scholar 

  49. di Trapani F, Bertagnoli G, Ferrotto M F, Gino D. Empirical equations for the direct definition of stress-strain laws for fiber-section-based macromodeling of infilled frames. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2018, 144(11): 04018101

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wararuksajja W. Seismic behavior and design of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames with concrete block infill walls considering infill-frame interactions. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Bangkok: King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2020, 216

    Google Scholar 

  51. Chopra A K, Goel R K, Chintanapakdee C. Evaluation of a modified MPA procedure assuming higher modes as elastic to estimate seismic demands. Earthquake Spectra, 2004, 20(3): 757–778

    Google Scholar 

  52. Antoniou S, Pinho R. Advantages and limitations of adaptive and non-adaptive force-based pushover procedures. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2004, 8(4): 497–522

    Google Scholar 

  53. Ferraioli M, Lavino A, Mandara A. An adaptive capacity spectrum method for estimating seismic response of steel moment-resisting frames. Ingegneria Sismica, 2016, 1(2): 47–60

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ferraioli M. Multi-mode pushover procedure for deformation demand estimates of steel moment-resisting frames. International Journal of Steel Structures, 2017, 17(2): 653–676

    Google Scholar 

  55. Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT). Companion Standard for Seismic Design of Building Structures in Thailand, DPT 1301–54. Bangkok: DPT, 2011 (in Thai)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT). Standard for Seismic Design of Building Structures in Thailand, DPT 1301–52. Bangkok: DPT, 2009 (in Thai)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Thailand Research and Innovation under Fundamental Fund 2022 (Advanced Construction Toward Thailand 4.0 Project) to the Construction Innovations and Future Infrastructures Research Center at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi. Supplementary funding was provided by TRF Senior Research Scholar under Grant RTA 6280012.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand

    Jarun Srechai

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand

    Wongsa Wararuksajja

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    Sutat Leelataviwat

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, 90110, Thailand

    Suchart Limkatanyu

Authors
  1. Jarun Srechai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wongsa Wararuksajja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sutat Leelataviwat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Suchart Limkatanyu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wongsa Wararuksajja.

Appendices for

11709_2023_937_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Performance evaluation of low-rise infilled reinforced concrete frames designed by considering local effects on column shear demand

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Srechai, J., Wararuksajja, W., Leelataviwat, S. et al. Performance evaluation of low-rise infilled reinforced concrete frames designed by considering local effects on column shear demand. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng. 17, 686–703 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-023-0937-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-023-0937-2

KeyWords

Search

Navigation