Skip to main content
Log in

Recent achievements on the research of the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transitional period in South China

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Frontiers of Earth Science in China Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This is a review of research achievements on the Permian-Triassic transition in South China. It comprises of five parts: (1) advances on the biostratigraphy and eventostratigraphy of the Meishan Section, the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB); (2) advances on the PTB research of deep water facies, especially the Dongpan Section in Guangxi; (3) advances on the PTB research of terrestrial facies, especially the Chahe Section in Guizhou; (4) correlation of the global change and biotic extinction between the PTB and modern times and its revelation to the status and future of the earth and mankind; and (5) the pattern and causality of the Permian-Triassic extinction. In the last part, it is concluded that the Permian-Triassic transitional interval constitutes a prolonged crisis period ranging from end-Guadalupian extinction to the end of Early Triassic, totaling 14 Ma. The environmental crisis and mass extinction peaked at the PTB, which displayed multiphase extinction rather than just one phase. Commencement of an extinctions prelude prior to the postulated bolide impact implies that the causes of PTB extinction largely lie in the intrinsic developments of the earth, especially those related with the integration of Pangea.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alpen E L (1998). Radiation Biophysics. 2nd ed. New York: Academic

    Google Scholar 

  • Basu A R, Petaev M I, Poreda R J, et al (2003). Chondritic meteorite fragments associated with the Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica. Science, 302: 1388–1392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker L, Poreda R J, Hunt A G, et al (2001). Impact event at the Permian-Triassic boundary: Evidence from extraterrestrial noble gases in fullerenes. Science, 291: 1530–1533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker L, Poreda R J, Basu A R, et al (2004). Bedout: A possible end-Permian impact crater offshore of northwestern Australia. Science, 304: 1469–1476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berner R A (2002). Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modeling. U.S. National Academy of Sciences Proceedings, 99: 4172–4177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bu J J, Wu S B, Zhang H L, et al (2006). Permian-Triassic cephalopods from Dongpan Section, Guangxi, and its geological significance. Geological Science and Technology Information, 25(4): 47–51 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao C Q, Shang Q H (1998). Microstratigraphy of Permo-Triassic transitional sequence of the Meishan Section, Zhejiang, China. Palaeoworld, 9: 147–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao C Q, Wang W, Jin Y G (2002). Carbon isotope excursions across the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan Section, Zhejiang Province, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 47: 1125–1129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Z Q (2005). Extinction-survival-recovery of brachiopod faunas during the Permian-Triassic transition. Albertiana, 33: 23–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Z Q, Shi G R, Yang F Q, et al (2006). An ecologically mixed brachiopod fauna from Changhsingian deep-water basin of South China: Consequence of end-Permian global warming. Lethaia, 39: 79–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowie J W, Ziegler W, Boucot A J, et al (1986). Guides and statutes of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 83: 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobson A P (1996). Conservation and Biodiversity. New York: Scientific American Library, 59–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Fang Z J (2004). The Permian-Triassic boundary crisis: Patterns of extinction, collapse of various ecosystems, and their causes. In: Rong J Y, Fang Z J, eds. Mass Extinction and Recovery, Evidences from the Palaeozoic and Triassic of South China. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press, 785–928 (in Chinese with English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (the Food and Agriculture Organization) (2001). State of the World’s Forests 2001, Rome Farabegoli E, Perri M C, Posenato R (2007). Environmental and biotic changes across the Permian-Triassic boundary in western Tethys: The Bulla parastratotype, Italy. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1): 109–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng Q L, He W H, Gu S Z, et al (2006a). Latest Permian Spumellaria and Entactinaria (Radiolaria) from South China. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 49: 21–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Q L, Gu S Z, He W H, et al (2006b). Latest Permian Entactinaria (Radiolaria) from southern Guangxi, China. J Micropalaeont, 25: 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng Q L, He W H, Zhang S X, et al (2006c). Taxonomy on Order Latentifistularia (Radiolaria) from the Latest Permian in southern Guangxi, China. Journal of Paleontology, 80(5): 826–848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Q L, He W H, Gu S Z, et al (2007). Radiolarian evolution during the latest Permian in southern Guangxi, China. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1): 177–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grice K, Cao C Q, Love G D, et al (2005). Photic zone euxinia during the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event. Science, 307: 706–709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groombridge B (1992). Global Biodiversity—Status of the Earth’s Living Resources. A Report Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Center. London: Chapman & Hall

    Google Scholar 

  • Gu S Z, Peng F, He W H, et al (2005). Shallow water smaller foraminifera from the Upper Permian of the Liuqiao area, southwestern Guangxi, South China. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 22(2): 163–172 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haas J, Attila D, Kinga H, et al (2007). Biotic and environmental changes in the Permian-Triassic boundary interval recorded on a western Tethyan ramp in the Bükk Mountains, Hungary. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1): 136–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He W H, Yin H F, Sheng G L, et al (2004). Comparison of Paleozoic-Mesozoic mass extinction with big erosion of current biodiversity. Earth Science—Journal of China University Geosciences, 29(3): 263–269

    Google Scholar 

  • He W H, Shen S Z, Feng Q L, et al (2005a). A late Changhsingian (Late Permian) deep-water brachiopod fauna from the Dalong Formation at the Dongpan Section in southwestern Guangxi, South China. Journal of Paleontology, 79(5): 927–938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He W H, Feng Q L, Gu S Z, et al (2005b). Changxingian (Upper Permian) radiolarian fauna from Meishan D Section, Changxing, Zhejiang, China, and its possible paleoecological significance. Journal of Paleontology, 79(2): 209–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He W H, Feng Q L, Weldon E A, et al (2007a). A Late Permian to Early Triassic bivalve fauna from the Dongpan Section, southern Guangxi, South China. J Paleont, 81(6): (in press)

  • He W H, Shi G R, Feng Q L, et al (2007b). Brachiopod miniaturization and its possible causes during the Permian-Triassic crisis in deep water environments, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (in press)

  • Holser W T, Magaritz M (1987). Events near the Permian-Triassic boundary. Modern Geology, 11: 155–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang X Y, Jiao D, Lu L Q, et al (2007). The fluctuating environment associated with the episodic biotic crisis during the Permo/Triassic transition: Evidence from microbial biomarkers in Changxing, Zhejiang Province. Science in China (Series D) (in press)

  • Jiang H S, Lai X L, Luo G M, et al (2007). Restudy of conodont zonation and evolution across the P/T boundary at Meishan Section, Changxing, Zhejiang. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1): 39–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin Y X, Feng Q L, Meng Y Y, et al (2007). Albaillellidae (radiolaria) from latest Permian in southern Guangxi, China. Journal of Paleontology, 81(1): 9–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin Y G, Wang Y, Wang W, et al (2000). Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China. Science, 289: 432–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiho K, Kajiwara Y, Nakano T, et al (2001). End-Permian catastrophe by a bolide impact: evidence of a gigantic release of sulfur from the mantle. Geology, 29: 815–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozur H W (2007). Biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy in Iran around the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB): Implications for the causes of the PTB biotic crisis. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1): 155–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li R C, Gu Y S, Xie S C (2005). The impact on the ecology of lacustrine swamp from the isolated lake and river in the Middle part of Yangtze River. Journal of Central China Normal University (Natural Sciences), 12: 76–79 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Y F, Liang H D, Yin H F, et al (2005). Determination of fullerenes (C60/C70) from the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan Section of South China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 79(1): 11–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Y C (2003). Stable isotope cyclostratigraphy of the Permian/Triassic limestones from South China. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press, 1–137 (in Chinese with English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang H D (2002). End Permian catastrophic event of marine acidification by hydrated sulfuric acid: Mineralogical evidence from Meishan Section of South China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 47: 784–788

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang H D, Ding T P (2004). Evidence of extremely light gypsum from the Permian/Triassic (P/T) event boundary at the Meishan Section of South China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 25(1): 33–37 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo G M, Lai X L, Jiang H S, et al (2006). Size variation of the end Permian conodont Neogondolella at Meishan Section, Changxing, Zhejiang and its significance. Science in China (Series D), 49(4): 337–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meng Y Y, Feng Q L, He W H, et al (2004). Sedimentological characteristics of the deep-water Paleozoic-Mesozoic interval in the Liuqiao region of Guangxi and its significance. Earth Science (Suppl.)—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 29: 25–36 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng Y Y, Feng Q L, He W H, et al (2005). A unique deep-water Permian-Triassic boundary section from the Liuqiao region in southwestern Guangxi, South China. Journal of Stratigraphy, 29(4): 323–332 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Menning M (1995). A numerical time scale for the Permian and Triassic periods: An integrated time analysis. In: Scholle P A, Peryt T M, Ulmer-Scholle D S, eds. The Permian of Northern Pangea 1. Berlin: Springer, 77–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Mundil R, Ludwig K R, Metcalfe I, et al (2004). Age and timing of the Permian mass extinctions: U/Pb dating of closed-system zircons. Science, 305: 1760–1763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mundil R, Metcalfe I, Ludwig K R et al (2001). Timing of the Permian-Triassic biotic crisis: Implications from new zircon U/Pb age data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 187: 131–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy M A, Salvador A (1999). International stratigraphic guide—An abridged version. Episodes, 22(4): 255–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen J K, Shen Y (2004). Evidence for sulfidic deep water during the Late Permian in the East Greenland basin. Geology, 32(12): 1037–1940

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne J L, Lehrmann D J, Wei J Y, et al (2004). Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-Permian extinction. Science, 305: 506–509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng Y Q, Tong J N, Shi G R, et al (2001). The Permian-Triassic boundary stratigraphic set: Characteristics and correlation. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 39(1): 55–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng Y Q, Zhang S X, Yu J X, et al (2005). High-resolution terrestrial Permian-Triassic eventostratigraphic boundary in western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan, southwestern China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 215: 285–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Racki G (2003). End-Permian mass extinction: Oceanographic consequences of double catastrophic volcanism. Lethaia, 35: 171–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rampino M R, Prokoph A, Adler A (2000). Tempo of the end-Permian event: High-resolution cyclostratigraphy at the Permian-Triassic boundary. Geology, 28: 643–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raven P H (2002). Sustainability, and the human prospect. Science, 297: 954–958

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Retallack G J (2001). A 300-million-year record of atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil plant cuticles. Nature, 411: 287–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Retallack G J (2002). Carbon dioxide and climate over the past 300 Myr. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A, 360: 659–673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sepkoski J J (1997). Biodiversity: past, present and future. Journal of Paleontology, 71: 533–539

    Google Scholar 

  • Song H J, Tong J N, He W H (2006). Latest Permian small foraminiferal fauna at the Meishan Section, Zhejiang Province. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 23(2): 87–104 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley G D (2001). The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems. New York: Academic/Plenum Publishers

    Google Scholar 

  • Steffen W, Sanderson A, Tyson P, et al (2004). Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure. Berlin: Springer-Verlag

    Google Scholar 

  • Tong J N, Zhang S X, Zuo J X, et al (2007). Events during the recovery time at the beginning of the Triassic. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1): 66–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Visscher H, Looy C V, Collinson M E, et al (2004). Environmental mutagenesis during the end-Permian ecological crisis. PNAS, 101: 12952–12956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang C J (2007). Anomalous hopane distributions at the Permian-Triassic boundary, Meishan, China—Evidence for the end-Permian marine ecosystem collapse. Organic Geochemistry, 38: 52–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y B, Tong J N, Wang J S, et al (2005). Calcimicrobialite after end-Permian mass extinction in South China and its palaeoenvironmental significance. Chinese Science Bulletin, 50(7): 665–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward P D, Montgomery D R, Smith R (2000). Altered river morphology in South Africa related to the Permian-Triassic extinction. Science, 289: 1740–1743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wardlaw B R, Davydov V I (2005). Progress report of the Permian-Triassic time slice project. Permophiles, 45: 36–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Wignall P B, Hallam A (1992). Anoxia as a cause of the Permian/Triassic mass extinction: Facies evidence from northern Italy and the western United States. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 93: 21–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wignall P B, Hallam A (1996). Facies change and the end-Permian mass extinction in S.E. Sichuan, China. Palaios, 11: 587–596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y S, Jiang H X, Liao T P (2006a). Sea-level drops in the Permian-Triassic boundary section at Laolongdong, Chongqing, Sichuan province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(9): 2405–2412 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y S, Yang W, Jiang H X, et al (2006b). Petrologic evidence for sea-level drop in latest Permian in Jiangxi Province, China and its meanings for the mass extinction. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(12): 3039–3046 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xia W C, Zhang N, Wang G Q, et al (2004). Pelagic radiolarian and conodont biozonation in the Perno-Triassic boundary internal and correlation to the Meishan GSSP. Micropaleontology, 50: 27–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao L, Xu Y G, Chung S L, et al (2003). Chemostratigraphic correlation of Upper Permian lavas from Yunnan Province, China: extent of the Emeishan large igneous province. International Geological Review, 45: 753–766

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie S C, Guo J Q, Huang J H, et al (2004a). Restricted utility of δ13C of bulk organic matter as a record of paleovegetation in some loesspaleosol sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quaternary Research, 62(1): 86–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie S C, Nott C J, Avsejs L A, et al (2004b). Molecular and isotopic stratigraphy in an ombrotrophic mire for paleoclimate reconstruction. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(13): 2849–2862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie S C, Huang X Y, Huang J H, et al (2006). The molecular record of organism and environment event in important geological crisis. Geological Science Frontiers (in press) (in Chinese with English abstract)

  • Xie S C, Pancost R D, Huang X Y, et al (2007). Molecular and isotopic evidence for episodic environmental change across the Permo/Triassic boundary at Meishan in South China. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1): 56–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie S C, Pancost R D, Yin H F, et al (2005). Two episodes of microbial change coupled with Permo/Triassic faunal mass extinction. Nature, 434: 494–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y G, He B, Huang X L, et al (2007). Identification of mantle plumes in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. Episodes, 30(1): 32–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan J X, Wu M (2006). Synchronized osciliations in Phanerozoic chemical composition of seawater, carbonate sedimentation and biotic evolution: Progresses and prospects. Geological Science and Technology Information, 25(3): 1–7 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang F Q, Yin H F, Yu J X, et al (2005). Study on the terrestrial stratigraphy during the Permian-Triassic boundary at Chahe Section, Weining, Guizhou Province. Science in China (Series D), 35(6): 519–529 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Z Y, Wu S B, Yin H F, et al (1993). Permo-Triassic Events of South China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin H F (1996). The Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Boundary—Candidates of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin H F, Feng Q L, Baud A, et al (2007a). The protracted Permo-Triassic crisis and the multi-act mass extinction around the Permian-Triassic boundary. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1): 1–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin H F, Feng Q L, Baud A, et al (2007b). The prelude of the end-Permian mass extinction predates a postulated bolide impact. Int J Earth Sci (in press)

  • Yin H F, Yang F Q, Yu J X, et al (2007c). An accurately delineated Permian-Triassic boundary in continental successions. Sciences in China (Ser D) (in press)

  • Yin H F, Huang S J, Zhang K X, et al (1992). The effects of volcanism on the Permo-Triassic mass extinction in South China. In: Sweet W C, Yang Z Y, Dickins J M, Yin H F, eds. Permo-Triassic Events in the Eastern Tethys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 169–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin H F, Zhang K X, Tong J N, et al (2001). The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary. Episodes, 24: 102–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu J X, Peng Y Q, Zhang S X, et al (2007). Terrestrial events across the Permian-Triassic boundary along the Yunnan-Guizhou border, SW China. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1): 193–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan A H, Sylvie C S, Feng Q L et al (2006). Latest Permian deep-water ostracods from southwestern Guangxi, South China. Ancient Life and Modern Approaches. In Proceedings of 2nd International Paleontological Congress. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press, 64

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang F, Feng Q L, Meng Y Y, et al (2006). Stratigraphy of organic carbon isotope and associated events across the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Dongpan deep-water Section in Liuqiao Area, Guangxi, South China. Geoscience, 20(1): 42–48 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang K X, Tong J N, Shi G R, et al (2007). Early Triassic conodontpalynological biostratigraphy of the Meishan D Section in Changxing, Zhejiang Province, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (in press)

  • Zhang K X, Tong J N, Yin H F, et al (1997). Sequence stratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic boundary section of Changxing, Zhejiang, southern China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 71(1), 90–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang K X, Yu J X, Lin Q X, et al (2004). Palynological assemblage in Section D of Meishan, Changxing, Zhejiang and its significance of Global Correlation. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 29(3): 253–262 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang S X, Peng Y Q, Yu J X, et al (2004). Clayrocks of the terrestrial Permian-Triassic boundary of Chahe Section, Weining, western Guizhou Province, South China: Based on X-ray diffraction and scan electronic microscope. Geological Science and Technology Information, 23(1): 21–26 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang S X, Feng Q L, Gu S Z, et al (2006a). Clay stone around deep water Permian-Triassic boundary from Guizhou and Guangxi Region. Geological Science and Technology Information, 25: 9–13 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang S X, Peng Y Q, Yu J X, et al (2006b). Characteristics of claystones across the terrestrial Permian-Triassic boundary: Evidence from the Chahe Section, western Guizhou, South China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(3): 358–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Q F (2006). Sedimentary microfacies and sequence stratigraphy of the P-T boundaty beds of the Meishan Section, Changxing County, Zhejiang. Journal of Stratigraphy, 30(4): 373–384 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuo J X, Tong J N, Qiu H O, et al (2006). Carbon isotope composition of the Lower Triassic marine carbonates, Lower Yangtze Region, South China. Science in China (Series D), 49: 225–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yin Hongfu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yin, H., Feng, Q., Xie, S. et al. Recent achievements on the research of the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transitional period in South China. Front. Earth Sci. China 1, 129–141 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-007-0017-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-007-0017-2

Keywords

Navigation