Abstract
Magnesium alloy has similar mechanical properties with natural bone, but its high susceptibility to corrosion has limited its application in orthopedics. In this study, a calcium phosphate coating is formed on magnesium alloy (AZ31) to control its degradation rate and enhance its bioactivity and bone inductivity. Samples of AZ31 plate were placed in the supersaturated calcification solution prepared with Ca(NO3)2, NaH2PO4 and NaHCO3, then the calcium phosphate coating formed. Through adjusting the immersion time, the thickness of uniform coatings can be changed from 10 to 20 μm. The composition, phase structure and morphology of the coatings were investigated. Bonding strength of the coatings and substrate was 2–4 MPa in this study. The coatings significantly decrease degradation rate of the original Mg alloy, indicating that the Mg alloy with calcium phosphate coating is a promising degradable bone material.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Witte F, Crostack H A, Nellesen J, et al. Characterization of degradable magnesium alloys as orthopedic implant material by synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography. 2001. (http://www-hasylab.desy.de/science/annual_reports/2001_report/part1/contrib/47/5461.pdf)
Staiger M P, Pietak A M, Huadmai J, et al. Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: a review. Biomaterials, 2006, 27: 1728–1734
Vormann J. Magnesium: nutrition and metabolism. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 2003, 24(1–3): 27–37
Saris N L, Mervaala E, Karppanen H, et al. Magnesium-An update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2000, 294: 1–26
Serre C M, Papillard M, Chavassieux P, et al. Influence of magnesium substitution on a collagen-apatite biomaterial on the production of a calcifying matrix by human oxteoblasts. Journal of Biomedial Materials Research, 1998, 42: 626–633
Li L C, Gao J C, Wang Y. Evaluation of cyto-toxicity and corrosion behavior of alkali-heat-treated magnesium in simulated body fluid. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2004, 185(1): 92–98
Zreiqat H, Howlett C R, Zannettino A, et al. Mechanisms of magnesium-stimulated adhesion of osteoblastic cells to commonly used orthopaedic implants. Journal of Biomedial Materials Research, 2002, 62: 175–184
Kuwahara H, Al-Abdullat Y, Mazaki N, et al. Precipitation of magnesium apatite on pure magnesium surface during immersing in Hank’s solution. Materials Transactions, 2001, 42: 1317–1321
Wittea F, Fischer J, Crostack H A, et al. In vitro and in vivo corrosion measurements of magnesium alloys. Biomaterials, 2006, 27: 1013–1018
Kaesel V T, Tai P T, Bach F W, et al. Approach to control the corrosion of magnesium by alloying. In: Kainer K U, eds. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications. New York: Wiley-Vch, 2004, 534–539
Gray J E, Luan B. Protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys — a critical review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2002, 336: 88–113
Guo L F, Yue T M, Man H C. Excimer laser surface treatment of magnesium alloy WE43 for corrosion resistance improvement. Journal of Materials Science, 2005, 40: 3531–3533
Merolli A, Moroni A, Faldini C, et al. Histomorphological study of bone response to hydroxyapatite coating on stainless steel. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2003, 14: 327–333
Witte F, Kaese V, Haferkamp H, et al. In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response. Biomaterials, 2005, 26: 3557–3563
Wen H B, Dalmeijer R A G, Cui F Z, et al. Preparation of calcium phosphate coating on porous tantalum. Journal of Materials Science Letter, 1998, 17: 925–930
Li F, Feng Q L, Cui F Z, et al. A simple biomimetic method for calcium phosphate coating. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2002, 154(1): 88–93
Tretinnikov O N, Kato K, Ikada Y. In vitro hydroxyapatite deposition onto a film surface-grafted with organophosphate polymer. Journal of Biomedial Materials Research, 1994, 28: 1365–1373
Costa N, Maquis P M. Biomimetic processing of calcium phosphate coating. Medical Engineering & Physics, 1998, 20(8): 602–606
Feng Q L, Wang H, Cui F Z, et al. Controlled crystal growth of calcium phosphate on titanium surface by NaOH-treatment. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1999, 200: 550–557
ASTM F1501-95. Standard practice for tension testing of calcium phosphate coatings. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995
Denkena B, Witte F, Podolsky C, et al. Degradable implants made of magnesium alloys. In: Proceedings of the 5th EUSPEN International Conference. Montpellier, France: The European Society For Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology (EUSPEN), 2005
Guo X-W, Chang J-W, He S-M, et al. Investigation of corrosion behaviors of Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy in NaCl aqueous solutions. Electrochimica Acta, 2007, 52: 2570–2579
van Kemenade M J J M, de Bruyn P L. A kinetic study of precipitation from supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1987, 118(2): 564–585
Cui F Z, Luo Z S, Feng Q L. Highly adhesive hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium alloy formed by ion beam assisted deposition. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 1997, 8: 403–405
Thomas K A, Cook S D. An evaluation of variables influencing implant fixation by direct bone apposition. Journal of Biomedial Materials Research, 1985, 19: 875–901
Wolf F I, Cittadini A. Chemistry and biochemistry of magnesium. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 2003, 24: 3–9
Witte F, Reifenrath J, Muller P P, et al. Cartilage repair on magnesium scaffolds used as a subchondral bone replacement. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 2006, 37: 504–508
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cui, Fz., Yang, Jx., Jiao, Yp. et al. Calcium phosphate coating on magnesium alloy for modification of degradation behavior. Front. Mater. Sci. China 2, 143–148 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-008-0024-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-008-0024-6