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Development of mobile phases containing high concentrations of UV–Vis absorbable components for ion chromatographic separation of anions with indirect photometric detection

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Abstract

A new method of how to use high concentrations of UV–Vis absorbable components in mobile phases for ion chromatographic separation of anions with indirect photometric detection (IPD) was developed. The UV–Vis absorption curves, the signal strengths at selected wavelengths, and the response ranges at different wavelengths of three organic salts, sodium benzoate, sodium 4-nitrobenzoate and sodium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate were detected using a photodiode array detector. Mobile phases containing these three organic salts at concentrations as high as 20 mM were used for ion chromatographic separations of inorganic anions, such as F−, Cl−, NO2−, Br−, NO3−, and SO42−. Separation characteristics detected at different wavelengths such as, the baseline stability, signal to noise levels shown as detection limits, linearity, etc., were investigated. It is found that the best wavelength used for IPD may not be the maximum or near the maximum absorption wavelength, but definitely not the non-absorptive wavelength of the eluent. Therefore, the best wavelength should be optimized. With the optimized wavelength at 385 nm, anions of sub-nanomoles were able to be quantitatively detected, and a good linear relationship with a correlation coefficients, (r > 0.9998), within the sample ranges from 0.5 to 200 ng was available. By using the optimized wavelength, the threshold of the detector will no longer be a strict restriction factor of using high concentrations of UV–Vis absorbable components. Consequently, columns with different ion exchange capacities can be used for separations with IPD. Furthermore, because the separation system can be fast re-equilibrated after sample injection using high concentrations of monovalent ion eluent, the separation efficiency can be highly improved. This method is promising for developing mobile phases for other chromatographic separations with IPD.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the opening foundation of the Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analysis and Testing Center, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Xiong Jun Zuo & Jinhui Liu

  2. Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Feng Long Gu

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  1. Xiong Jun Zuo
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  2. Jinhui Liu
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  3. Feng Long Gu
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by JL and XJZ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by XJZ and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Feng Long Gu.

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Zuo, X.J., Liu, J. & Gu, F.L. Development of mobile phases containing high concentrations of UV–Vis absorbable components for ion chromatographic separation of anions with indirect photometric detection. Chem. Pap. 77, 1631–1644 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02586-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02586-2

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