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Giant milkweed plant-based copper oxide nanoparticles for wound dressing application: physicochemical, bactericidal and cytocompatibility profiles

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Abstract

Present wound dressing materials have limitation in treating skin pathogens colonization associated with open wound infections. Recently, plant-based synthesis of inorganic oxide nanomaterials has received countless attention to tackle the mention limitation. This study investigated the physicochemical, bactericidal and cytocompatibility properties of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles from giant milkweed medicinal plant were produced at different calcination temperatures (i.e., 400 and 500 °C). Giant milkweed plant is scientifically known as Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea). The oval-shaped CuO-500C exhibited improved bactericidal properties toward tested skin pathogens than CuO-400C. Successful green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles with the presence of bioderived elements was affirmed through both EDAX and XRD. Furthermore, FTIR and UV–visible analyses confirmed phenolic and carbonyl compounds. The MIC value for CuO-400C and CuO-500C toward the skin pathogens was ranging from 1.25 to 10 mg/mL and 0.3125 to 5 mg/mL, respectively. MBC value for CuO-400C and CuO-500C was 20 mg/mL and 2.5–20 mg/mL, respectively. From time-kill assay we found that Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) colonies began to decrease substantially after 6 h, and bactericidal activity was noticed at 12 h. However, the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) treated with CuO-500C was fully inhibited at 24 h. Besides, zone of inhibition of 10 mg/mL CuO-500C was greater than other samples. CuO-500C (2.5–10 mg/mL) had good cytocompatibility (> 90%) without any alteration on fibroblast cells morphology. Conclusively, CuO-500C nanoparticles demonstrated cytocompatibility potential with strong bactericidal properties for wound dressing material application.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the patent application for methods of making and using of copper oxide formed by green synthesis but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

C. gigantea :

Calotropis gigantea

CuO:

Copper oxide

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SSA:

Specific surface area

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

MBC:

Minimum bactericidal concentration

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

MDR:

Multi-drug resistant

E. coli :

Escherichia coli

K. pneumoniae :

Klebsiella pneumoniae

S. aureus :

Staphylococcus aureus

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

C:

Carbon

Ca:

Calcium

D :

Crystallite size, nm

λ :

X-ray wavelength of Cu Kα radiation, nm

θ :

Bragg diffraction angle, °

T :

Temperature, °C

T :

Time, h

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Universiti Sains Malaysia for sponsoring this work under Research University Grant (RUI) EKSESAIS TAHUN 2019 (1001/CIPPT/8012338). The support of all the technical staff of Advanced Medical and Dental Institute and School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, in the characterization of the sample is also acknowledged.

Funding

This research was funded by the Research University Grant (RUI) EKSESAIS TAHUN 2019 (1001/CIPPT/8012338) from Universiti Sains Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    G Ambarasan Govindasamy, Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin, Nor Hazliana Harun & Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan Eddis Effendy

  2. Ann Joo Integrated Steel Sdn Bhd, Lot 1236, Prai Industrial Estate, 13600, Prai, Penang, Malaysia

    G Ambarasan Govindasamy

  3. Neogenix Laboratoire Sdn Bhd, 12-3, Jalan Permas 10/6, Bandar Baru Permas Jaya, 81750, Masai, Johor, Malaysia

    Nor Hazliana Harun

  4. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Srimala Sreekantan

Authors
  1. G Ambarasan Govindasamy
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  2. Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin
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  3. Nor Hazliana Harun
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  4. Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan Eddis Effendy
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  5. Srimala Sreekantan
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Contributions

GAG contributes in the writing of this manuscript and carried out all experimental works. NHH, WNFWEE and SS assist in the procedures. RBSMNM is the principal investigator contributing in the concept, idea, experimental design, writing process and gave final approval of this paper for publication. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin.

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Govindasamy, G.A., S. M. N. Mydin, R.B., Harun, N.H. et al. Giant milkweed plant-based copper oxide nanoparticles for wound dressing application: physicochemical, bactericidal and cytocompatibility profiles. Chem. Pap. 77, 1181–1200 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02513-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02513-5

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