Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds has been increasingly frequent in aquatic matrices. This is due to the low efficiency of treatment plants against these compounds. Therefore, in this work, the efficiency of the treatment via heterogeneous photo-Fenton process was studied, containing a mixture of the drugs atenolol and propranolol, in two matrices (aqueous solution (AS) and synthetic effluent (SE)), using magnetite as catalyst. Univariate studies to verify the influence of the operational parameters have shown that it is possible to treat contaminants at the natural pH of the solution (5–6), which is not possible when dealing with homogeneous Fenton reactions. It was also observed that [magnetite] equal to 3.5 g‧L−1 and [H2O2] of 80 mg‧L−1 are efficient to promote the degradation of drugs in AS, reaching 94.8 and 100% for the groups analyzed at wavelengths of 215 and 280 nm, respectively. For the SE the results obtained were equal to 41.8 and 97.3% at λ of 209 and 280 nm. The drug degradation kinetics, in the two matrices, showed a pseudo-first-order profile, with no formation of by-products after chromatographic analysis. With this, it was evidenced that the treated matrices did not present toxicity to the seeds.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ameta R, Chohadia AK, Jain A, Punjabi PB (2018) Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. Advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment, Academic Press Elsevier Inc, London. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-810499-6.00003-6
Antonopoulou M, Kosma C, Albanis T, Konstantinou I (2021) An overview of homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis applications for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from real or synthetic hospital wastewaters under lab or pilot scale. Sci Total Environ 765:144–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144163
APHA: American Public Health Association (2012) Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 22nd edn. APHA, Washington
Augusto TM, Chagas P, Sangiorge DL, Leod TCOM, Oliveira LC, Castro CS (2018) Iron ore tailings as catalysts for oxidation of the drug paracetamol and dyes by heterogeneous Fenton. J Environ Chem Eng 6(5):6545–6553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.09.052
Becker RW, Ibáñez M, Lumbaque EC, Wilde ML, da Rosa TF, Hernández F, Sirtori C (2020) Investigation of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in Brazilian hospital wastewater by LC-QTOF MS screening combined with a preliminary exposure and in silico risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 699:134218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134218
Beltrame TF, Beltrame AF, Lhamby AR, Pires VK (2016) Wastewater, solid waste and environmental education: a discussion about the subject. Revista Eletrônica Em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 20(1):283–294. https://doi.org/10.5902/2236117015827
Cavalcanti VOM, Santana RMR, Neves NSC, Lucena ALA, Oliveira MAS, Nascimento GE, Napoleão DC (2021) Treatment of the drugs atenolol and propranolol by advanced oxidation processes, a kinetic approach, toxicity effects on seeds, and chromatographic analysis. Chem Pap 75(8):4391–4403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01667-y
Chan KH, Chu W (2003) Modeling the reaction kinetics of Fenton’s process on the removal of atrazine. Chemosphere 51(4):305–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00812-3
Chen T, Ma J, Zhang Q, Xie Z, Zeng Y, Li R, Liu H, Lui Y, Lv W, Liu G (2019) Degradation of propranolol by UV- activated persulfate oxidation: reaction Kinetics, mechanisms, reactive sites, transformation pathways and Gaussian calculation. Sci Total Environ 690:878–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.034
Comber S, Gardner M, Sörme P, Leverett D, Ellor B (2018) Active pharmaceutical ingredients entering the aquatic environment from wastewater treatment works: a cause for concern? Sci Total Environ 613–614:538–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.101
Crittenden JC, Trussel RR, Hand DW, Howe KJ, Tchobanoglous G (2012) MWH’s Water Treatment: Principles and Design, 3º. Jonh Wiley & Sons Inc, New Jersey, USA
Feliciano ARS, Lucena ALA, Santana RMR, Zaidan LEMC, Silva PM, Napoleão TH, Duarte MMMB, Napoleão DC (2020) Advanced oxidation processes employment for the degradation of lamivudine: kinetic assessment, toxicity study and mathematical modeling. Water Quality Res J 55:249–260. https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2020.010
Fioreze M, Santos EP, Schmachtenberg N (2014) Processos oxidativos avançados: fundamentos e aplicação ambiental. Revista Eletrônica Em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 18:79–91. https://doi.org/10.5902/2236117010662
Gao Y, Gao N, Chen J, Zhang J, Yin D (2020) Oxidation of β-blocker atenolol by a combination of UV light and chlorine: Kinetics, degradation pathways and toxicity assessment. Sep Purif Technol 231:115927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115927
Giri AS, Golder AK (2015) Decomposition of drug mixture in Fenton and photo-Fenton processes: comparison to singly treatment, evolution of inorganic ions and toxicity assay. Chemosphere 127:254–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.010
Gou Y, Chen P, Yang L, Li S, Peng L, Song S, Xu Y (2021) Degradation of fluoroquinolones in homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes: a review. Chemosphere 270:129481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129481
Gupta PK (2016) Toxicological testing: In vivo systems. Fundamentals of toxicology, Essential concepts and applications. Academic Press. Elsevier Inc, London
Habibi N (2014) Preparation of biocompatible magnetite—carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite: characterization of nanocomposite by FTIR, XRD, FESEM and TEM. Mole Biomole Spectrosc 131:55–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.039
He Y, Sutton NB, Rijnaarts HHH, Langenhoff AAM (2016) Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater using immobilized TiO2 photocatalysis under simulated solar irradiation. Appl Catal B 182:132–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.015
Hong CH, Kim MW, Zhang WL, Moon IJ, Choi HJ (2016) Fabrication of smart magnetite/reduced graphene oxide composite nanoparticles and their magnetic stimuli-response. J Colloid Interface Sci 481:194–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.060
Ivashchenko O, Jurga-Stopa J, Coy E, Peplinska B, Pietralik Z, Jurga S (2016) Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy studies on magnetite/Ag/antibiotic nanocomposites. Appl Surf Sci 364:400–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.12.149
Kanakaraju D, Glass BD, Oelgemoller M (2018) Advanced oxidation process-mediated removal of pharmaceuticals from water: a review. J Environ Manage 219:189–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.103
Kollias K, Mylona E, Adam K, Chrysochoou M, Papassiopi N, Xenidis A (2019) Characterization of phosphate coating formed on pyrite surface to prevent oxidation. Appl Geochem 110:104435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.104435
Lumbaque EC, Araújo DS, Klein TM, Tiburtius ERL, Arguello J, Sirtori C (2019) Solar photo-Fenton-like process at neutral pH: Fe(III)-EDDS complex formation and optimization of experimental conditions for degradation of pharmaceuticals. Catal Today 328:259–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.006
Miralles-Cuevas S, Oller I, Agüera A, Llorca M, Sánchez Pérez JA, Malato S (2017) Combination of nanofiltration and ozonation for the remediation of real municipal wastewater effluents: acute and chronic toxicity assessment. J Hazard Mater 323:442–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.013
Mirzaei A, Chen Z, Haghighat F, Yerushalmi L (2017) Removal of pharmaceuticals from water by homo/heterogonous Fenton-type processes—a review. Chemosphere 174:665–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.019
Mitsika EE, Christophoridis C, Kouinoglou N, Lazaridis N, Zacharis CK, Fytianos K (2021) Optimized Photo-Fenton degradation of psychoactive pharmaceuticals alprazolam and diazepam using a chemometric approach—Structure and toxicity of transformation products. J Hazard Mater 403:123819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123819
Moreira FC, Boaventura RAR, Brillas E, Vilar VJP (2017) Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: a review on their application to synthetic and real wastewaters. Appl Catal B 202:217–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.08.037
Orta MM, Medina-Carrasco S, Santos JL, Aparicio I, Alonso E (2019) Adsorption of propranolol onto montmorillonite: Kinetic, isotherm and pH studies. Appl Clay Sci 173:107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.03.015
Rajput S, Pittman CU, Mohan D (2016) Magnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle synthesis and applications for lead (Pb2+) and chromium (Cr6+) removal from water. J Colloid Interface Sci 468:334–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.12.008
Santos MMM, Silva TD, Lucena ALA, Napoleão CD, Duarte MMMB (2020) Degradation of Ketoprofen, Tenoxicam and Meloxicam Drugs by Photo-Assisted Peroxidation and Photo-Fenton Processes: Identification of Intermediates and Toxicity Study. Water Air Soil Pollution 231:35. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.025
Sharma A, Ahmad J, Flora SJS (2018) Application of advanced oxidation processes and toxicity assessment of transformation products. Environ Res 167:223–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.010
Shi X, Tian A, You J, Yang H, Wang Y, Xue X (2018) Degradation of organic dyes by a new heterogeneous Fenton reagent-Fe2GeS4 nanoparticle. J Hazard Mater 353:182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.018
Takdastan A, Mahvi AH, Lima EC, Shirmardi M, Babaei AA, Goudarzi G, Neisi A, Farsani MH, Vosoughu M (2016) Preparation, characterization, and application of activated carbon from low cost material for the adsorption of tetracycline antibiotic from aqueous solutions. Water Sci Technol 74(10):2349–2363. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.402
Vacchi FI, Von Der Ohe PC, Albuquerque AF, Vendemiatti JAS, Azevedo CCJ, Honório JG, Umbuzeiro GA (2016) Occurrence and risk assessment of an azo dye—the case of disperse Red 1. Chemosphere 156:95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.121
Verma M, Haritash AK (2019) Degradation of amoxicillin by Fenton and Fenton-integrated hybrid oxidation processes. J Environ Chem Eng 7(1):102886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.102886
Verma M, Haritash AK (2020) Review of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. Adv Environ Res 9(1):1–17. https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2020.9.1.001
Wamba AGN, Sylvere KN, Lima EC, Kayem JG, Thue PS, Costa TMH, Quevedo AB, Benvenutti EV, Machado FM (2019) Preparation, characterization of titanate nanosheet-pozzolan nanocomposite and its use as an adsorbent for removal of diclofenac from simulated hospital effluents. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 102:321–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.05.001
Xiong R, Lu Z, Tang Q, Huang X, Ruan H, Jiang W, Chen Y, Liu Z, Kang J, Liu D (2020) UV-LED/chlorine degradation of propranolol in water: degradation pathway and product toxicity. Chemosphere 248:125947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125957
Yang Y, Coa Y, Jiang J, Lu X, Ma J, Pang S, Li J, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Guan C (2019) Comparative study on degradation of propranolol and formation of oxidation products by UV/H2O2 and UV/ persulfate (PDS). Water Res 149:534–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.074
Young BJ, Riera NI, Beily ME, Bres PA, Crespo DC, Ronco AE (2012) Toxicity of the effluent from an anaerobic bioreactor treating cereal residues on Lactuca sativa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 76:182–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.09.019
Zhang J, Tian B, Wang L, Xing ML (2018) Heterogeneous photo-Fenton technology. Photocatalysis 100:241–258. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11050557
Zhu HY, Fu YQ, Jiang R, Jiang JH, Xiao L, Zeng GM, Zhao SL, Wang Y (2011) Adsorption removal of congo red onto magnetic cellulose/Fe3O4/activated carbon composite: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng J 173:494–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.08.020
Zhu Y, Wu M, Gao N, Chu W, Li K, Chen S (2018) Degradation of phenacetin by the UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process: Kinetics, pathways and toxicity evaluation. Chem Eng J 335:520–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.070
Acknowledgements
This study was acknowledged by CAPES, NUQAAPE/FACEPE (FACEPE, APQ- 0346-1.06/14 process) and FADE/UFPE.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Oliveira Marques Cavalcanti, V., da Rocha Santana, R.M., Silva, F.S. et al. Degradation of mixtures of pressure-regulating drugs present in different matrices using magnetite/Fenton. Chem. Pap. 76, 6297–6308 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02304-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02304-y