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Solubility of sinensetin and isosinensetin from Cat’s Whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) leaves in ethanol-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: experimental and modeling

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Abstract

In the current study, the solubility of potent bioactive compounds from cat’s whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus), viz. sinensetin (SIN) and isosinensetin (ISO), is measured in ethanol-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). Experiments were conducted at temperature and pressure of 40–80 °C and 10–30 MPa, respectively. Three semi-empirical models of Chrastil, del Valle-Aguilera, and Gonzalez were used to correlate the compounds’ solubility in SC-CO2 + ethanol. The highest solubility of SIN and ISO was obtained at 3.945 and 2.323 mg/L, respectively, at 10 MPa and 80 °C. The solubility data revealed the direct effect of temperature, while the pressure has a dual effect of both increasing and decreasing the compounds’ solubility. This study revealed the influence of solute’s melting point, dipole moment and molecular structure on its solubility in SC-CO2 + ethanol system. Therefore, SIN has higher solubility in SC-CO2 + ethanol system due to its lower melting and dipole moment compared to its isomer, ISO. In addition, the solubility of the SIN and ISO data was satisfactorily correlated with all semi-empirical models, with less than 4.0% of the AARD%. The enthalpy of vaporization and solvation for SIN and ISO in SC-CO2 extraction were determined.

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Abdul Aziz, A. H., upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to acknowledge the UTM Prototype Research Grant, with vote number of 00L35 from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Prototype Research Grant Scheme, vote number: 4L912 (PRGS/1/2020/TK02/UTM/02/1) from Ministry of Higher Education for the financial support. We were also grateful to the Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), UTM, for the facilities provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz, Nicky Rahmana Putra, Ahmad Syahmi Zaini, Zuhaili Idham & Mohd Azizi Che Yunus

  2. Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Muhammad Zulhilmi Ahmad

  3. School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz, Nicky Rahmana Putra, Ahmad Syahmi Zaini, Zuhaili Idham, Muhammad Zulhilmi Ahmad & Mohd Azizi Che Yunus

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  1. Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz
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Correspondence to Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz or Mohd Azizi Che Yunus.

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Abdul Aziz, A.H., Putra, N.R., Zaini, A.S. et al. Solubility of sinensetin and isosinensetin from Cat’s Whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) leaves in ethanol-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: experimental and modeling. Chem. Pap. 75, 6557–6563 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01822-5

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