Abstract
Distillation fractions (head, body, and tail) and mezcal samples were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Samples were obtained from five rural producers in Oaxaca State, Mexico, where the distilled beverage was produced using as raw material Agave angustifolia, commonly known as “Espadín”. The distillation cuts were done by the producers according to their experience and samples were taken from each distillation fraction. 1H-NMR spectra were acquired by two sample preparation methods: direct analysis (DA) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) using styrene–divinylbenzene sorbent to concentrate aromatic compounds. When DA-NMR was used, fifteen compounds were identified and quantitated at mg/L level, including higher alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and organic acids. On the other hand, nine compounds were identified by SPE-NMR, including fatty acids, aromatic alcohols, aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The study showed that 1H-NMR can be done by DA and with SPE as a complementary method for analysis of mezcal and its distillation fractions. These methodologies are useful for both research and industrial purposes.
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Acknowledgements
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for doctoral scholarship awarded to A.C.P-A (No. 298208) and to M.E.G-A (No. 295848). This work was supported by Fondo Sectorial SAGARPA-CONACYT, project 2017-06-292836: Plataforma Nacional de Metabolómica basada en espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN)-OMICS para la solución de problemas nacionales del sector agroalimentario. This study made use of UNAM’s NMR lab: LURMN at IQ-UNAM, which is funded by CONACYT Mexico (Project 0224747) and UNAM. The authors want to thank Consejo Regulador del Mezcal (CRM) for providing the samples.
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Pineda-Amaya, A.C., Ocaña-Rios, I., García-Aguilera, M.E. et al. 1H-NMR profile of mezcal and its distillation fractions using two sample preparation methods: direct analysis and solid-phase extraction. Chem. Pap. 75, 4249–4259 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01660-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01660-5