Abstract
Improving the yield of catalysts containing palladium for the polymeric fuel cells is the main challenge in the commercializing of this technology. The utilization of transition metal oxides as the promoters can be an efficient solution for more poisoning removal of the catalyst. The stoichiometry effect of the oxide support on the activity of Pd for electrooxidation of the CH3OH is presented in this study. The lanthanum nickelate substitutes with different ratios of Fe:Ni (1:4, 1:1, and 4:1) are synthesized and characterized using SEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, and VSM analyses. The proposed oxide samples are in the Ruddlesden–Popper salts group with general chemical formula (LaNixFe1−xO3)nLaO and the crystal structure of the lanthanum nickelate is changed from orthorhombic to rhombohedral with the increasing ratio of nickel to iron. Also, the nano-sized Pd catalyst is anchored on as-prepared oxides via wetness incorporation. The behavior and efficiency of as-prepared electrocatalysts are compared with each other using the electrochemical techniques. Based on the results, the current density presented an ascending trend from 92.07 to 130.83 mA/cm2 for 0.8 M CH3OH by increasing the Fe ratio. It means that the nanocomposites containing more iron improved the catalytic ability of palladium and the reaction kinetics of the CH3OH oxidation. The functions of current and transferred charge vs. time are, respectively, obtained to simulate and integrate chronoamperometric data for oxidation of CH3OH. It seems the lattice oxygens, and the activation of an oxidation–reduction cycle between the high and low chemical valences of iron, leading to progress the catalytic performance of palladium.
Graphic abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel Hameed RM, Fahim AE, Allam NK (2020) Tin oxide as a promoter for copper@palladium nanoparticles on graphene sheets during ethanol electro-oxidation in NaOH solution. J Mol Liq 297:111816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111816
Anu Prathap MU, Srivastava R (2013) Synthesis of NiCo2O4 and its application in the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. Nano Energy 2:1046–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2013.04.003
Barakat NAM, Abdelkareem MA, El-Newehy M, Kim HY (2013) Influence of the nanofibrous morphology on the catalytic activity of NiO nanostructures: an effective impact toward methanol electrooxidation. Nanoscale Res Lett 8:402. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-402
Boni M, Surapaneni SR, Golagani NS et al (2020) Experimental investigations on the effect of current collector open ratio on the performance of a passive direct methanol fuel cell with liquid electrolyte layer. Chem Pap. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01277-0
Chen C, Li Y, Liu SJ (2009) Fabrication of macroporous platinum using monodisperse silica nanoparticle template and its application in methanol catalytic oxidation. J Electroanal Chem 632:14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.03.009
Chen Y, Bai L, Zhou Ch, Lee JM, Yang Y (2011) Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol with an ionic liquid additive. Chem Commun 47:6452–6454. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CC11643F
Datta J, Dutta A, Biswas M (2012) Enhancement of functional properties of PtPd nano catalyst in metal-polymer composite matrix: application in direct ethanol fuel cell. Electrochem Commun 20:56–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2012.02.022
Davi M, Keßler D, Slabon A (2016) Electrochemical oxidation of methanol and ethanol on two-dimensional self-assembled palladium nanocrystal arrays. Thin Solid Films 615:221–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2016.07.013
Dehdab M, Yavari Z, Darijani M, Bargahi A (2016) The inhibition of carbon-steel corrosion in seawater by streptomycin and tetracycline antibiotics: an experimental and theoretical study. Desalination 400:7–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.09.007
Dong H, Dong L (2011) Electrocatalytic activity of carbon nanotube-supported Pt–Cr–Co tri-metallic nanoparticles for methanol and ethanol oxidations. J Inorg Organomet 21:754–757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-011-9526-2
Ge X, Liu Y, Liu X (2001) Preparation and gas-sensitive properties of LaFe1−yCoyO3 semiconducting materials. Sens Actuators B Chem 79:171–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00869-3
Gosavi PV, Biniwale RB (2010) Pure phase LaFeO3 perovskite with improved surface area synthesized using different routes and its characterization. Mater Chem Phys 119:324–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.09.005
Grdeń M, Kotowski J, Czerwiński A (2000) The study of electrochemical palladium behavior using the quartz crystal microbalance. J Solid State Electrochem 4:273–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100080050204
Guo DJ, Li HL (2006) Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on Pt modified single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Power Sources 160:44–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.01.026
Huang HX, Chen SX, Yuan C (2008) Platinum nanoparticles supported on activated carbon fiber as catalyst for methanol oxidation. J Power Sources 175:166–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.107
Justin P, Rao GR (2009) Enhanced activity of methanol electro-oxidation on Pt–V2O5/C catalysts. Catal Today 141:138–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2008.03.019
Kaedi F, Yavari Z, Shafiee AM et al (2020) Synergistic influence of spongy ZnO on catalytic activity of nano-catalyst Pd toward electrooxidation of liquid fuels. J Porous Mater 27:1203–1211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-020-00903-2
Khazova OA, Mikhailova AA, Skundin AM, Tuseeva EK, Havránek A, Wippermann K (2002) Kinetics of methanol oxidation on supported and unsupported Pt/Ru catalysts bonded to PEM. Fuel Cells 2:99–108. https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200290008
Lang Zh, Zhuang Z, Li Sh, Xia L, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Han Ch, Zhou L (2020) MXene surface terminations enable strong metal-support interactions for efficient methanol oxidation on palladium. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:2400–2406. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b17088
Li L, Xing Y (2009) Methanol electro-oxidation on Pt-Ru alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes. Energies 2:789–804. https://doi.org/10.3390/en20300789
Li M, Chang Y, Han G, Yang B (2011) Platinum nanoparticles supported on electrospinning-derived carbon fibrous mats by using formaldehyde vapor as reducer for methanol electrooxidation. J Power Sources 196:7973–7978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.05.060
Macak JM, Barczuk PJ, Tsuchiya H, Nowakowska MZ, Ghicov A, Chojak M, Bauer S, Virtanen S, Kulesza PJ, Schmuki P (2005) Self-organized nanotubular TiO2 matrix as support for dispersed Pt/Ru nanoparticles: enhancement of the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. Electrochem Commun 7:1417–1422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2005.09.031
Noroozifar M, Yavari Z, Khorasani-Motlagh M, Ghasemi T, Rohani-Yazdi SH, Mohammadi M (2016) Fabrication and performance evaluation of a novel membrane electrode assembly for DMFCs. RSC Adv 6:563–574. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA21389D
Raghuveer V, Thampi KR, Xanthopoulos N, Mathieu HJ, Viswanathan B (2001) Rare earth cuprates as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. Solid State Ion 140:263–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00816-5
Salarizadeh P, Askari MB, Mohammadi M, Hooshyari Kh (2020) Electrocatalytic performance of CeO2-decorated rGO as an anode electrocatalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction. J Phys Chem Solids 142:109442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2020.109442
Serov AA, Cho SY, Han S, Min M, Chai G, Nam KH, Kwak C (2007) Modification of palladium-based catalysts by chalcogenes for direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochem Commun 9:2041–2044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.06.005
Singh RN, Sharma T, Singh A, Anindita MD, Tiwari SK (2008) Perovskite-type La2−xSrxNiO4 ( ≤ x ≤ 1) as active anode materials for methanol oxidation in alkaline solutions. Electrochim Acta 53:2322–2330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.09.047
Siwal S, Matseke S, Mpelane S, Hooda N, Nandi D, Mallick K (2017) Palladium-polymer nanocomposite: An anode catalyst for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol. Int J Hydrog Energy 42:23599–23605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.03.033
Tian ZhQ, Yu HT, Wang ZhL (2007) Combustion synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline LaAlO3 powders. Mater Chem Phys 106:126–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.05.093
Tong H, Li HL, Zhang XG (2007) Ultrasonic synthesis of highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles supported on MWCNTs and their electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation. Carbon 45:2424–2432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.06.028
Ulas B, Caglar A, Kivrak A et al (2019) Atomic molar ratio optimization of carbon nanotube supported PdAuCo catalysts for ethylene glycol and methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media. Chem Pap 73:425–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0601-9
Velázquez-Palenzuela A, Centellas F, Garrido JA, Arias C, Rodríguez RM, Brillas E, Cabot PL (2011) Kinetic analysis of carbon monoxide and methanol oxidation on high performance carbon-supported Pt–Ru electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 196:3503–3512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.12.044
Ward T, Li X, Faghri A (2011) Performance characteristics of a novel tubular-shaped passive direct methanol fuel cell. J Power Sources 196:6264–6273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.04.012
Wu JK (1992) Electrochemical method for studying hydrogen in iron, nickel and palladium. Int J Hydrog Energy 17:917–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(92)90051-W
Wu KT, Soh YA, Skinner SJ (2013) Epitaxial growth of mixed conducting layered Ruddlesden-Popper Lan+1NinO3n+1 (n = 1, 2 and 3) phases by pulsed laser deposition. Mater Res Bull 48:3783–3789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.05.093
Yusoff N, Kumar SV, Rameshkumar P, Pandikumar A, Shahid MM, Rahman MA, Huang NM (2016) A facile preparation of titanium dioxide-iron oxide@silicon dioxide incorporated reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid for electrooxidation of methanol in alkaline medium. Electrochim Acta 192:167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.190
Zhai Ch, Hu J, Zeng L, Fu N, Du Y, Zhu M (2019) One-pot fabrication of Nitrogen-doped graphene supported binary palladium-sliver nanocapsules enable efficient ethylene glycol electrocatalysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 535:392–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.003
Zhang K, Yang W, Ma Ch, Wang Y, Sun Ch, Chen Y, Duchesne P, Zhou J, Wang J, Hu Y, Banis MN, Zhang P, Li F, Li J, Chen L (2015) A highly active, stable and synergistic Pt nanoparticles/Mo2C nanotube catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation. NPG Asia Mater 7:153. https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2014.122
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Li X, Mao L (2017) Synthesis of honeycomb-like mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres as Pt catalyst supports for methanol oxidation in alkaline media. Appl Surf Sci 407:64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.02.158
Zhou W, Du Y, Ren F, Wang C, Xu J, Yang P (2010) High efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on Pt/polyindoles composite catalysts. Int J Hydrog Energy 35:3270–3279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.01.083
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are no conflicts to declare.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yavari, Z., Shaybani, S., Saffari, J. et al. Stoichiometry influence of oxide support on the catalytic efficiency of nano-palladium towards CH3OH electrooxidation. Chem. Pap. 75, 2317–2329 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01485-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01485-8