Abstract
The growing customer demand in safer food additives leads the food industry to investigate new sources of bioactive compounds. In addition, the need for “greener” production processes makes aqueous extractions of by-products from plant or wood processing increasingly attractive. Based on recent studies demonstrating the biological properties of the constituents from maple bark, this paper investigates sustainable ways of efficiently producing red and sugar maple bark extracts (RMBE and SMBE) as antioxidant food additives. Several ways to obtain dried extracts were investigated considering the final quality of the extracts (antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, sugar, and protein contents), the extract recovery, and energy consumption of the process. Optimising the concentration and drying steps using principal component analysis provided two optimal variants of the process. Reverse osmosis/freeze-drying appeared to maximise extract quality, while reverse osmosis/spray-drying allowed the lowest power consumption for a sufficient quality. Optimal extracts from both species provided moderate-to-high ORAC and EC50 DPPH· values compared to recognised natural food additives confirming their interest for antioxidant enrichment. Considering the favourable repeatability between pilot-scale production processes for RMBE and SMBE despite their distinct chemical profiles, this study could provide a decent basis to investigate the optimal processing of other water-extractable materials.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Levaco Inc. (Grant no. RDCPJ-452658-13) and Decacer Inc. for financial support, to Mr. Clermont Levasseur for assistance with plant authentication, and to Mrs. Diane Gagnon, Mrs. Mélanie Martineau, and Mr. Pascal Lavoie for technical assistance.
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Geoffroy, T.R., Fortin, Y. & Stevanovic, T. Process optimisation for pilot-scale production of maple bark extracts, natural sources of antioxidants, phenolics, and carbohydrates. Chem. Pap. 72, 1125–1137 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-017-0355-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-017-0355-9