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Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods to Weight Gain Recurrence 5 Years After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery

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Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate evolution of ultra-processed food intake and recurrent weight gain in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Materials and Methods

This study is an observational longitudinal study that evaluated patients who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery at four time points: before surgery and at 3, 12, and 60 months after surgery. Anthropometric and dietary intake data were collected through two 24-h dietary recalls. All foods consumed were classified according to degree of processing. Recurrent weight gain was considered the difference between current weight and nadir weight.

Results

The sample consisted of 58 patients with a mean age of 38.7 ± 8.9 years and 68% female. After 60 months, mean excess weight loss and recurrent weight gain were 73.6 ± 27.2% and 22.5 ± 17.4%. Calorie and macronutrient intake decreased significantly between the pre-surgery period, and 3 and 12 months post-surgery; however, there was no significant difference after 60 months. In relation to food groups or macronutrients, no difference was observed between the pre-surgery period and 60 months post-surgery. The contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed foods to calorie intake gradually decreased after 3 months post-surgery.

Conclusion

The profile of dietary intake after 60 months of metabolic and bariatric surgery tends to approach that of the pre-surgery period. The contribution of unprocessed and minimally processed foods to calorie intake decreased after 60 months, while ultra-processed food contribution increased.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all the volunteers in the research and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Tocantins, Avenida NS-15, Quadra 109, Norte, S/N - Plano Diretor Norte, AlCNO 14, Bloco D, Palmas, TO CEP 77001-090, Brazil

    Stephany L. Lobão, Adler S. Oliveira & Sônia L. Pinto

  2. Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil

    Josefina Bressan

Authors
  1. Stephany L. Lobão
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  2. Adler S. Oliveira
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  3. Josefina Bressan
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  4. Sônia L. Pinto
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Contributions

Stephany L. Lobão, Adler S. Oliveira: contributed in the data collection, analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing, and final version approval. Josefina Bressan: contributed in analysis and interpretation of the data, critical revision of the manuscript, and approval of the final version. Sônia L. Pinto: contributed in the design of the study, data collection, analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing, and final version approval.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sônia L. Pinto.

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Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Key Points

• Patients with RYGB 60 months had an average of 22% recurrent weight gain.

• After 3 and 12 months, there was a reduction in the consumption of ultra-processed foods.

• Sixty months after, patients had a similar food intake profile to that before surgery.

• Fresh food consumption decreased and ultra-processed food consumption increased after 5 years of the RYGB.

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Lobão, S.L., Oliveira, A.S., Bressan, J. et al. Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods to Weight Gain Recurrence 5 Years After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. OBES SURG (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-024-07291-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-024-07291-5

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