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Bariatric Surgery and Risk of Hospitalization for Gastrointestinal Cancers in the USA: a Propensity Score Matched Analysis of National Inpatient Sample Study

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Abstract

Background

There are some concerns about the higher risk of certain gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in patients with a history of bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS). The current study aimed to investigate the association of BMS with GI cancer hospital admission including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, small intestinal, liver, gallbladder, bile duct, and pancreatic cancers.

Methods

The analysis utilized the US national inpatient sample (NIS) data from 2016 to 2020, employing ICD-10 codes. A propensity score matching in a 3:1 ratio was done to match the BMS and non-BMS groups.

Results

A total of 328,369 patients with a history of BMS and 4,989,154 with obesity and without a history of BMS were included in this study. BMS was independently associated with a higher risk of gastric and pancreatic cancers hospital admission (OR: 1.69 (CI 95%: 1.42–2.01) and OR: 1.46 (CI 95%: 1.27–1.68)), respectively. In addition, BMS was independently associated with a lower risk of colorectal and liver cancer hospital admission (OR: 0.57 (CI 95%: 0.52–0.62) and OR: 0.72 (CI 95%: 0.52–0.98)), respectively. Besides, esophageal, gallbladder, bile duct, and small intestinal cancer were not significantly different between the two groups. In patients with GI cancer, although the BMS group had significantly lower total charges and length of hospital stay compared to the non-BMS group, the rate of in-hospital mortality was not significantly different.

Conclusion

The current study showed that bariatric surgery may be associated with a higher risk of gastric and pancreatic cancer and a lower risk of colorectal and liver cancer hospital admission. Further research is needed to explore this association.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Ali Esparham

  2. Department of Clinical Research, ScientificWriting Corp, Houston, TX, USA

    Saeed Shoar

  3. Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Ali Mehri

  4. Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, School of Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA

    Zhamak Khorgami

  5. Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

    Zhamak Khorgami

  6. Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Program, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, RWJ Barnabas Health, Rutgers NJ Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

    Venkat R. Modukuru

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  1. Ali Esparham
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  2. Saeed Shoar
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  3. Ali Mehri
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  4. Zhamak Khorgami
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  5. Venkat R. Modukuru
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Esparham.

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The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Key Points

• Bariatric surgery is associated with an increased risk of gastric and pancreatic cancer hospital admission.

• Bariatric surgery is independently associated with a lower risk of colorectal and liver cancer hospital admission.

• There is no significant association between bariatric surgery and esophageal, gallbladder, bile duct, and small intestinal cancers.

The abstract of this work is accepted for presentation at the Obesity Week 2023 conference.

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Esparham, A., Shoar, S., Mehri, A. et al. Bariatric Surgery and Risk of Hospitalization for Gastrointestinal Cancers in the USA: a Propensity Score Matched Analysis of National Inpatient Sample Study. OBES SURG 33, 3797–3805 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-023-06883-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-023-06883-x

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