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Sleep Quality Before and After Bariatric Surgery

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Abstract

Purpose

Sleep deprivation is associated with growth hormone deficiency and an elevated cortisol level, both of which have been linked to obesity. However, assessing sleep quality is often not established in the multidisciplinary peribariatric evaluation program. This study aimed to determine sleep quality in patients who are seeking or underwent bariatric surgery by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) measurements.

Materials and Methods

In this observational study, patients who underwent or were seeking bariatric surgery between April and November 2021 were included. Self-reported patients’ demographics, operative techniques, and sleep quality measured by PSQI were collected. Baseline characteristics were compared between the preoperative group (PRE), patients who underwent surgery < 1.5 years ago (EARLY), and > 1.5 years ago (LATE). A multivariate linear regression model was built.

Results

In total, 270 patients filled out the questionnaire of which 100 (37.1%) were preoperative, 87 (32.2%) early, and 83 (30.7%) late postoperative. The PSQI significantly improved in the EARLY group compared to PRE (4.8 vs 6.1). This effect disappeared in the LATE group (6.1) even though their body mass index was less. Linear regression revealed that age (p = 0.004) and body mass index (p = 0.003) predicted worse sleep quality.

Conclusion

Sleep quality improves early after bariatric surgery; however, this benefit does not seem to last in the long term. Other factors than weight regain should be considered for this finding, future studies with longer follow-up periods are recommended, including other variables associated with sleep quality such as health conditions and socioeconomic status.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obesity Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Yentl Lodewijks, Friso Schonck & Simon Nienhuijs

Authors
  1. Yentl Lodewijks
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  2. Friso Schonck
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  3. Simon Nienhuijs
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Correspondence to Yentl Lodewijks.

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Ethics Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Key points

• Sleep quality is mostly not assessed in preoperative work up in bariatric surgery.

• The sleep quality significantly improved early after bariatric surgery.

• Age and body mass index predicted worse sleep quality.

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Lodewijks, Y., Schonck, F. & Nienhuijs, S. Sleep Quality Before and After Bariatric Surgery. OBES SURG 33, 279–283 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-022-06387-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-022-06387-0

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