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An Optimized IES Method and Its Inhibitory Effects and Mechanisms on Food Intake and Body Weight in Diet-Induced Obese Rats: IES for Obesity

Obesity Surgery volume 27, pages 3215–3222 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to optimize stimulation parameters and durations for intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) and to explore the effects and mechanisms of chronic IES with optimized methodology in obesity rats.

Materials and Methods

Sixteen diet-induced obese (DIO) rats were tested for food intake with four different sets of IES parameters each lasting 1 week. Then, another 12 DIO rats were used to test the effect of IES on food intake with different stimulation durations. Finally, 16 DIO rats were treated with IES or sham-IES for 4 weeks. Meal patterns, food intake, and body weight were observed. Mechanisms involving gastrointestinal motility, ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were studied.

Results

(1) Acute IES with different parameters showed different inhibitory effects on food intake, and the most effective parameters were 0.6 s on, 0.9 s off, 80 Hz, 2 ms, and 4 mA with which 26.3% decrease in food intake was noted (p < 0.001). (2) IES with daily treatment of 12 h was most effective in suppressing food intake compared with 1 or 6 h. (3) Four-week IES reduced net weight by 10.9% (p < 0.05 vs. sham-IES) and epididymal fat pad weight by 13.9% (p < 0.001). (4) IES delayed gastric emptying (p < 0.001) and accelerated intestinal transit (p < 0.05). (5) IES increased both fasting and postprandial plasma levels of GLP-1 but not ghrelin.

Conclusion

Twelve-hour daily IES using optimized stimulation parameters reduces food intake and body weight in DIO rats by altering gastrointestinal motility and GLP-1. The IES methodology derived in this study may have a therapeutic potential for obesity.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a VA MERIT grant (1I01BX002010-01A2).

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

    Xinyue Wan, Jieyun Yin & Jiande D. Z. Chen

  2. Division of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China

    Xinyue Wan

  3. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA

    Jieyun Yin & Jiande D. Z. Chen

  4. Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

    Robert Foreman

Authors
  1. Xinyue Wan
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  2. Jieyun Yin
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  3. Robert Foreman
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  4. Jiande D. Z. Chen
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Contributions

Xinyue Wan: Conduct the experiment and drafting of the manuscript.

Jieyun Yin: Data collection and analysis.

Robert Foreman: Data analysis and revising of the manuscript.

Jiande DZ Chen: Study design and critical revision of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiande D. Z. Chen.

Ethics declarations

All ethical standards and requirements for animal studies have been rigidly followed.

Conflict of Interest

None of authors reported conflict of interest. Jiande Chen was supported by a VA Merit Grant.

Ethical Approval

This research was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Oklahoma City, OK).

Informed Consent

Does not apply.

Funding

This study was supported by a VA Merit grant (1I01BX002010).

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Wan, X., Yin, J., Foreman, R. et al. An Optimized IES Method and Its Inhibitory Effects and Mechanisms on Food Intake and Body Weight in Diet-Induced Obese Rats: IES for Obesity. OBES SURG 27, 3215–3222 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-2743-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-2743-1

Keywords

  • Obesity
  • Gastrointestinal motility
  • Electric stimulation
  • Neuromodulation
  • Gut peptides